Protein Synthesis

During the past decade we have witnessed several major dis­ coveries in the area of protein synthesis and post-translational modification of protein molecules. In this volume, many of the lat­ est research developments in these fields are reported by the dis­ tinguished international group of scientists who presented their state-of-the-art results at the 13th Linderstr0m-Lang Conference held at God0Ysund, Norway, June 14-18, 1983. We feel that the presentation here of so wide a variety of articles on both the molecular and the cellular aspects of protein synthesis will be of considerable value to many scientists working in the area who were unable to attend, as well as to many who are active in related areas. In addition to the research papers, the contents of the six scientific sessions held during the conference have been summarized by the respective session chairmen. These individual summaries provide insightful syntheses of all the recent progress in each field, identify which current problems remain of special inter­ est, and suggest what the future may hold in the several areas of protein synthesis research covered. Though this volume obviously cannot provide a complete survey of all important ongoing research on the molecular and cellular biology of translational and post-translational events, we are confi­ dent that it will facilitate a much better understanding of many im­ portant contemporary problems in research on protein synthesis, including cell differentiation, translational accuracy, protein modifi­ cation, intracellular transport, and membrane turnover.

Contenu

Initiation of Protein Synthesis.- Structural Organization of Initiation Complexes Involving the Eukaryotic Protein Synthesis Initiation Factors eIF-2 and eIF-3.- Functional and Structural Characteristics of Eukaryotic mRNA Cap Binding Protein Complex.- Initiation Factors Which Recognize mRNA.- Differential Gene Expression by Messenger RNA Competition for Eukaryotic Initiation Factor eIF-2.- Initiation of Protein Biosynthesis.- Protein Synthesis on Endoplasmic Reticulum.- Transport of Proteins and Signal Recognition.- Biosynthesis of Peptides in Honeybee Venom Glands and Frog Skin: Structure and Multi-step Activation of Precursors.- On the Attachment of Ribosomes to Heavy Rough and Light Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum in Eukaryotic Cells.- Biosynthesis and Intracellular Transport of Ia Antigens.- Protein Synthesis on Endoplasmic Reticulum.- Translation Fidelity.- Spermine Enhances the Speed and Fidelity of Aminoacylation of Transfer Ribonucleic Acid.- The Allosteric Behaviour of the Elongation Factor EF-Tu.- Ribosomal Contributions to Messenger RNA Directed Selection of Transfer RNA.- Evolution of Ribosomal Structure and Function.- Effect of Elongation Inhibitors on the Accuracy of Poly(U) Translation.- Translational Ambiguity and Cell Differentiation in a Lower Eucaryote.- Strategies of Translation.- Intracellular Protein Transport.- Defective Endosome Acidification in Mammalian Cell Mutants "Cross-Resistant" to Certain Toxins and Viruses.- Entry of Toxic Proteins into Cells.- Intracellular Transport of Endocytosed Glyco-proteins in Rat Hepatocytes.- On the Transport of Secretory Proteins from the Endoplasmic Reticulum to the Golgi Complex.- Intracellular Transport of Proteins and Protein Modification.- Protein Glycosylation.- Function and Metabolism of Membrane-Bound Dolichol.- Glycosyltransferases in Protein Glycosylation.- Synthesis and Possible Role of O- and N-linked Oligosaccharides of Yeast Glycoproteins.- Biosynthesis and Transport of Lysosomal Enzymes.- Biosynthesis of Glycophorin A.- Protein Glycosylation.- Protein Phosphorylation.- Phosphorylation of Initiation Factor eIF-2 and Ribosomal Protein S6 and the Regulation of Mammalian Protein Synthesis.- Post-Translational Modification of RNA Polymerase I by Protein Kinase NII and Some Novel Immunological Aspects of the Two Enzymes.- Control of Translation by Regulation of Protein Phosphorylation and Dephosphorylation.- Hormonal Control of Adipose Tissue Lipolysis by Phosphorylation/Dephosphorylation of Hormone-Sensitive Lipase.- Protein Phosphorylation as a Regulatory Mechanism.