Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2024 in the subject Business economics - Banking, Stock Exchanges, Insurance, Accounting, University of Nigeria (Management Science), course: Insurance, language: English, abstract: This study examines the determinants of insurance companies' performance and their impacts on Nigerian insurance industry from 2010-2019. No doubt insurance companies' performance determinants play significant roles in the overall development and growth of the insurance industry. In particular, the study assessed the impact of returns on assets on leverage ratio; retention ratio; underwriting risk; and management competence index; and on the overall performance of the Nigerian insurance industry from 2010-2019. Secondary data were sourced from 32 licensed insurance companies who their financial reports were readily available for the purpose of this study. The study used expo facto research design and data were gathered from published annual reports of NAICOM, insurers' annual financial reports and NIA digests from 2010-2019. Both descriptive and inferential statistics of OLS were employed in analysing the data using E-views version 10. This study led to the conclusion that profitability of insurance companies in Nigeria is positively and significantly influenced by leverage, management competence index, retention ratio and underwriting risk. The study recommended among others that for that insurance companies in Nigeria to perform better in terms of their return on assets, they should improve on their leverages, retention ratio, underwriting and management competence index by recruiting employees who had completed higher education and who are certified professionals.