Design of Power Management Integrated Circuits

Auteur

Bernhard Wicht, Leibniz University Hannover, Germany.
Bernhard Wicht is a Full Professor of mixed-signal integrated circuit design at Leibniz University Hannover. Between 2003 and 2010, he was with Texas Instruments in Freising, Germany, responsible for the design of automotive power management ICs. He has been a member of the Technical Program Committee of the International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC) since 2018, serving as the chair of the Power Management subcommittee since 2023. He was a Distinguished Lecturer of the IEEE Solid-State Circuits Society in 2020-2021.

Texte du rabat

Comprehensive resource on power management ICs affording new levels of functionality and applications with cost reduction in various fields Design of Power Management Integrated Circuits is a comprehensive reference for power management IC design, covering the circuit design of main power management circuits like linear and switched-mode voltage regulators, along with sub-circuits such as power switches, gate drivers and their supply, level shifters, the error amplifier, current sensing, and control loop design. Circuits for protection and diagnostics, as well as aspects of the physical design like lateral and vertical power delivery, pin-out, floor planning, grounding/supply guidelines, and packaging, are also addressed. A full chapter is dedicated to the design of integrated passives. The text illustrates the application of power management integrated circuits (PMIC) to growth areas like computing, the Internet of Things, mobility, and renewable energy. Includes numerous real-world examples, case studies, and exercises illustrating key design concepts and techniques. Offering a unique insight into this rapidly evolving technology through the author's experience developing PMICs in both the industrial and academic environment, Design of Power Management Integrated Circuits includes information on:

• Capacitive, inductive and hybrid DC-DC converters and their essential circuit blocks, covering error amplifiers, comparators, and ramp generators
• Sensing, protection, and diagnostics, covering thermal protection, inductive loads and clamping structures, under-voltage, reference and power-on reset generation
• Integrated MOS, MOM and MIM capacitors, integrated inductors
• Control loop design and PWM generation ensuring stability and fast transient response; subharmonic oscillations in current mode control (analysis and circuit design for slope compensation)
• DC behavior and DC-related circuit design, covering power efficiency, line and load regulation, error amplifier, dropout, and power transistor sizing
• Commonly used level shifters (including sizing rules) and cascaded (tapered) driver sizing and optimization guidelines
• Optimizing the physical design considering packaging, floor planning, EMI, pinout, PCB design and thermal design Design of Power Management Integrated Circuits is an essential resource on the subject for circuit designers/IC designers, system engineers, and application engineers, along with advanced undergraduate students and graduate students in related programs of study.

Résumé
Design of Power Management Integrated Circuits Comprehensive resource on power management ICs affording new levels of functionality and applications with cost reduction in various fields Design of Power Management Integrated Circuits is a comprehensive reference for power management IC design, covering the circuit design of main power management circuits like linear and switched-mode voltage regulators, along with sub-circuits such as power switches, gate drivers and their supply, level shifters, the error amplifier, current sensing, and control loop design. Circuits for protection and diagnostics, as well as aspects of the physical design like lateral and vertical power delivery, pin-out, floor planning, grounding/supply guidelines, and packaging, are also addressed. A full chapter is dedicated to the design of integrated passives. The text illustrates the application of power management integrated circuits (PMIC) to growth areas like computing, the Internet of Things, mobility, and renewable energy. Includes numerous real-world examples, case studies, and exercises illustrating key design concepts and techniques. Offering a unique insight into this rapidly evolving technology through the author's experience developing PMICs in both the industrial and academic environment, Design of Power Management Integrated Circuits includes information on: Capacitive, inductive and hybrid DC-DC converters and their essential circuit blocks, covering error amplifiers, comparators, and ramp generators Sensing, protection, and diagnostics, covering thermal protection, inductive loads and clamping structures, under-voltage, reference and power-on reset generation Integrated MOS, MOM and MIM capacitors, integrated inductors Control loop design and PWM generation ensuring stability and fast transient response; subharmonic oscillations in current mode control (analysis and circuit design for slope compensation) DC behavior and DC-related circuit design, covering power efficiency, line and load regulation, error amplifier, dropout, and power transistor sizing Commonly used level shifters (including sizing rules) and cascaded (tapered) driver sizing and optimization guidelines * Optimizing the physical design considering packaging, floor planning, EMI, pinout, PCB design and thermal design Design of Power Management Integrated Circuits is an essential resource on the subject for circuit designers/IC designers, system engineers, and application engineers, along with advanced undergraduate students and graduate students in related programs of study.

Contenu

Preface xvii

1 Introduction 1

1.1 What Is a Power Management IC and What Are the Key Requirements? 1

1.2 The Smartphone as a Typical Example 3

1.3 Fundamental Concepts 4

1.4 Power Management Systems 7

1.5 Applications 8

1.6 IC Supply Voltages 16

1.7 Power Delivery 17

1.8 Technology, Components, and Co-integration 22

1.9 A Look at the Market 27

References 28

2 The Power Stage 31

2.1 Introduction 31

2.2 On-Resistance and Dropout 32

2.3 Parasitic Capacitances 34

2.4 The Body Diode 35

2.5 Switching Behavior 37

2.6 Gate Current and Gate Charge 46

2.7 Losses 49

2.8 Dead Time Generation 57

2.9 Soft-Switching 59

2.10 Switch Stacking 61

2.11 Back-to-Back Configuration 63

References 63

3 Semiconductor Devices 65

3.1 Discrete Power Transistors 65

3.2 Power Transistors in Integrated Circuits 72

3.3 Parasitic Effects 78

3.4 Safe Operating Area (SOA) 83

3.5 Integrated Diodes 85

References 88

4 Integrated Passives 89

4.1 Capacitors 89

4.2 Inductors 93

References 104

5 Gate Drivers and Level Shifters 107

5.1 Introduction 107

5.2 Gate Driver Configurations 108

5.3 Driver Circuits 110

5.4 DC Characteristics 111

5.5 Driving Strength 113

5.6 The CMOS Inverter as a Gate Driver 114

5.7 Gate Driver with a Single-Stage Inverter 120

5.8 Cascaded Gate Drivers 126

5.9 External Gate Resistor 136

5.10 dv/dt Triggered Turn-On 137

5.11 Bootstrap Gate Supply 140

5.12 Level Shifters 143

5.13 Common-Mode Transient Immunity 156

References 159

6 Protection and Sensing 161

6.1 Overvoltage Protection 161

6.2 Overvoltage Protection for Inductive Loads 162

6.3 Temperature Sensing and Thermal Protection 165

6.4 Bandgap Voltage and Current Reference 167

6.5 Short Circuits and Open Load 171

6.6 Current Sensing 173

6.7 Zero-Crossing Detection 187

6.8 Under-Voltage Lockout 189

6.9 Power-on Reset 190

References 193

7 Linear Voltage Regulators 195

7.1 Fundamental Circuit and Control Concept 195

7.2 Dropout Voltage 198

7.3 DC Parameters 199

7.…