The Limits to Certainty

I consider it a privilege to have been invited to write a preface for "The Limits to Certainty". It is however paradoxical that a theo retical physicist be asked to write about a monograph dealing mainly with service economics. Notwithstanding, I am delighted to do so. Indeed, it is striking that two so widely different fields like physics and social science, and more especially economics, can interact in such a constructive way. There is no question here of reductionism. Nobody claims to be able to reduce social scien ces to physics, nor to use patterns of social interaction in order to formulate new laws for atoms. What is at stake here is more im portant than reduction; the age-old separation between the so-cal led "hard" and "soft sciences" is breaking down. This separation has a long history. First, one should recall the influence of Newton's achievement on the formulation of scienti fic goals. This influence led to the formulation of equilibrium mo dels for supply/demand adjustment. As was noticed by Walter Weisskopf: "the Newtonian paradigm underlying classical and non-classical economics interpreted the economy according to the patterns developed in classical physics and mechanics, in analogy to the planetary system, to a machine or clockwork: a closed auto nomous system ruled by endogenous factors of a highly selective nature, self-regulating and moving to a determinate, predictable point of equilibrium" (The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance (1984), Vol. 9, no. 33, pp. 335-360).

Texte du rabat

I consider it a privilege to have been invited to write a preface for "The Limits to Certainty". It is however paradoxical that a theo retical physicist be asked to write about a monograph dealing mainly with service economics. Notwithstanding, I am delighted to do so. Indeed, it is striking that two so widely different fields like physics and social science, and more especially economics, can interact in such a constructive way. There is no question here of reductionism. Nobody claims to be able to reduce social scien ces to physics, nor to use patterns of social interaction in order to formulate new laws for atoms. What is at stake here is more im portant than reduction; the age-old separation between the so-cal led "hard" and "soft sciences" is breaking down. This separation has a long history. First, one should recall the influence of Newton's achievement on the formulation of scienti fic goals. This influence led to the formulation of equilibrium mo dels for supply/demand adjustment. As was noticed by Walter Weisskopf: "the Newtonian paradigm underlying classical and non-classical economics interpreted the economy according to the patterns developed in classical physics and mechanics, in analogy to the planetary system, to a machine or clockwork: a closed auto nomous system ruled by endogenous factors of a highly selective nature, self-regulating and moving to a determinate, predictable point of equilibrium" (The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance (1984), Vol. 9, no. 33, pp. 335-360).

Résumé
Includes conclusions of research conducted by the authors on the subject of waste prevention on the product level, that is making a better use of resources during the utilization of goods.

Contenu

1. Introduction.- 1.1. In Search of Progress: From The Limits to Growth To The Limits to Certainty.- 1.2. Three Major Issues in Reconstructing an Image of the Future.- 1.3. Uncertainty: the Condition for Reconstructing the Future.- Notes Chapter 1.- 2. The New Battleground for Risk-Taking: The Service Economy.- 2.1. The Legacy of the Industrial Revolution.- 2.2. The Limits of the Industrial Revolution.- 2.3. The Service Economy.- 2.4. Value and Time in the Service Economy: the Notion of Utilization.- Notes Chapter 2.- 3. Facing Social Uncertainty: Towards a New Social Policy in the Service Economy.- 3.1. Basic Issues.- 3.2. Towards the Fourth Pillar: Trends.- 3.3. The Fourth Pillar in some OECD Countries: From Evidence to Potential.- Notes Chapter 3.- 4. Producing the Wealth of Nations; the Risk Takers and the Supply-side of the Economy. The Dynamics of Disequilibrium.- 4.1. Producing.- 4.2. Production Cycles.- Notes Chapter 4.- 5. At the Roots of Uncertainty.- 5.1. Risk, Uncertainty and the Individual.- 5.2. A Dialogue: Founding the Secretariat for Uncertainty.- Notes Chapter 5.