The Unity of Stoic Metaphysics

Texte du rabat

This volume explores the metaphysics devised by Stoic philosophers in response to Plato. It elucidates ontological criteria for counting things as being, and metaphysical principles for grounding these entities, which together support the view that everything there is either is a body or is something ontologically dependent on body.

Résumé
The Unity of Stoic Metaphysics argues that the Stoics were sophisticated metaphysical thinkers responding to Plato's Sophist and forging a bold new path between materialism and idealism, with a one-world metaphysics best characterized as non-reductive physicalism. The book is divided into five sections: Section I, Something, develops the suggestion that the Stoics arrived at the genus Something and their two ontological criteria for being Something by careful reflection on Plato's Sophist, finding new depth to Plato's challenges as well as to the Stoic response. Section II, Bodies, offers an account of Stoic corporealism that takes us from the ontology of what exists to the metaphysics of body, explaining how body can be the fundamental grounds of the cosmos and how qualities can be corporeal. Section III, Incorporeals, takes us beyond corporealism to physicalism. It argues that the Stoic incorporeals--space, time, and the lekta, or sayables--are all dependent on body for their subsistence, inheriting their spatial, temporal, and semantic properties from underlying body without being nothing but the body. Section IV, Neither Corporeal nor Incorporeal, argues in support of a tripartite ontology that includes a third class of entities that are neither corporeal nor incorporeal--limits of the continuum, geometrical limits, and creatures of fiction. Section V, Everything, returns to the Stoic ontology, arguing that concepts are not Something, thus no reason remains to posit a further class of entities, Not-Somethings (outina), in metaphysical limbo between Something and nothing at all. The genus Something is complete and comprehensive as it stands. Everything is Something.

Contenu

• Introduction

• Section I. Something

• 1: Plato's Sophist

• 2: Ontological Criteria

• Section II. Bodies

• 3: Body as Such

• 4: Bodies Blending

• 5: Basic Bodies

• 6: Building Bodies

• 7: The Categories, State of the Debate

• 8: The Categories, A Fresh Start

• Section III. Incorporeals

• 9: The Incorporeals, A Grounded Account

• 10: Space

• 11: Time

• 12: The Lekta, Why Language is Earthborn Too

• Section IV. Neither Corporeal nor Incorporeal, or: What Subsists according to Thought

• 13: Limits

• 14: Creatures of Fiction

• Section V. Everything

• 15: Concepts

• 16: Everything is Something