Transport in Plants I

When WILHELM RUHLAND developed his plan for an Encyclopedia of Plant Physiol ogy more than three decades ago, biology could still be conveniently subdivided into classical areas. Even within plant physiology, subdivisions were not too difficult to make, and general principles could be covered sufficiently in the two introductory volumes of the Encyclopedia on the physical and chemical basis of cell biology. But the situation changed rapidly even during the 12-year publication period of the Encyclopedia (1955-1967). The new molecular direction of genetics and structural research on biopolymers had an integrating effect on all other biological fields, including plant physiology, and it became increasingly difficult to keep previously distinct areas separated. RUHLAND'S overall plan included 18 volumes and about 22,000 pages. It covered the entire field of plant physiology, in most cases from the very beginning. But, as each volume appeared, it was clear that its content would soon be outdated.

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I. Structural Considerations in Phloem Transport.- 1. Sieve-Element Structure.- 2. Sealing Systems in Phloem.- II. Nature of Substances in Phloem.- 3. Nature of Transported Substances.- 4. Biochemistry of Phloem Constituents.- III. Phloem Transport: Assessment of Evidence.- 5. Mass Transfer.- 6. Aphids and Translocation.- 7. Investigations with Aphid Stylets into the Physiology of the Sieve Tube.- 8. Phloem Exudation from Monocotyledonous Axes.- 9. Work with Isolated Phloem Strands.- 10. Bidirectional Transport.- 11. Effects of Temperature, Anoxia and Other Metabolic Inhibitors on Translocation.- IV. Possible Mechanisms of Phloem Transport.- 12. Protoplasmic Streaming.- 13. Electroosmotic Flow.- 14. Pressure Flow.- 15. Other Possible Mechanisms.- 16. Theoretical Considerations.- V. Phloem Loading: Storage and Circulation.- 17. Phloem Loading.- 18. Radial Transport in Rays.- 19. Exchange of Solutes between Phloem and Xylem and Circulation in the Whole Plant.- Appendix I: Flow of Biological Fluids through Non-Ideal Capillaries.- References.- Appendix III: List of Sugars and Sugar Alcohols in Sieve-Tube Exudates.- Author Index.