Trace Metals in Sea Water

In recent years, rapid scientific advances have been shattering classical concepts of oceanic trace metals concentrations. Most of the data gathered before the mid-1970s have had to be discarded. Possible associations of organic and inorganic ligands with the metals were throwing views of metal speciation into great uncertainty. Biological effects of metals need to be re-examined after recent revelations of unsuspected metal contaminations in methodology. The investigations appear chaotic, yet exciting. It implies that a new order is going to replace the past. Now, an opportunity opens its door to a brave new world for the young generation of scientists to put metal chemistries in the oceans into perspectiveo This N. AoToO. International Conference on "Trace Metals in Sea Water" hoped to catalyze this exciting process of unifying various aspects of trace metals in sea water in future years o The Conference, in the form of an Advanced Research Institute supported by the Scientific Affairs Division of NoAoT. O. supple mented by further assistance of the UoS. Office of Naval "Research, was held at the "Ettore Majorana" Center for Scientific Culture in the medieval town of Erice on the island of Sicily, Italy from March 30 to April 3, 1981. It was the first organized gathering of international scientists in this specialized field. Seventy scientists with various expertise in different aspects of the subject were present: including those from NoAoT. Oo countries (Canada, France, F. R. Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, U. K.

Contenu
Session I: Metalloids and the Hydride Generation.- The Determination of the Chemical Species of Some of the Hydride Elements (Arsenic, Antimony, Tin, and Germanium) in Sea Water: Methodology and Results.- Antimony Content and Speciation in the Water Column and Interstitial Waters of Saanich Inlet.- Ultratrace Speciation and Biogenesis of Methyltin Transport Species in Estuarine Waters.- The Relationship of the Distribution of Dissolved Selenium IV and VI in Three Oceans to Physical and Biological Processes.- Session II: Arctic Chemistry.- Trace Metals in the Arctic Ocean.- Copper in Sub-Arctic Waters of the Pacific Northwest.- Low Level Determination of Trace Metals in Arctic Sea Water and Snow by Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry.- The Relationship between Distributions of Dissolved Cadmium, Iron, and Aluminium and Hydrography in the Central Arctic Ocean.- Session III: Intercalibration Exercise.- Intercomparison of Seawater Sampling Devices for Trace Metals.- The Analysis of Trace Metals in Biological Reference Materials: A Discussion of the Results of the Intercomparison Studies Conducted by the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea.- An Intercomparison of Sampling Devices and Analytical Techniques Using Sea Water from a CEPEX Enclosure.- Session IV: Estuarine Processes Involving Metals.- Role of Fresh Water/Sea Water Mixing on Trace Metal Adsorption Phenomena.- Effects of Particle Size and Density on the Transport of Metals to the Oceans.- The Effect of Sewage Effluents on the Flocculation of Major and Trace Elements in a Stratified Estuary.- Impoverishment and Decrease of Metallic Elements Associated with Suspended Matter in the Gironde Estuary.- The Significance of the River Input of Chemical Elements to the Ocean.- Session V:Air/Sea Exchange and Coastal Processes Involving Metals.- Air-Sea Exchange of Mercury.- Separation of Copper and Nickel by Low Temperature Processes.- The Fate of Particles and Particle-Reactive Trace Metals in Coastal Waters: Radioisotope Studies in Microcosms.- Trace Metals in a Landlocked Intermittently Anoxic Basin.- Session VI: Ocean Distribution and Analysis.- Thorium Isotope Distributions in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific.- Aspects of the Surface Distributions of Copper, Nickel, Cadmium, and Lead in the North Atlantic and North Pacific.- Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Cd in the Western North Atlantic.- Some Recent Measurements of Trace Metals in Atlantic Ocean Waters.- Determination of the Rare Earth Elements in Sea Water.- The Cycle of Living and Dead Particulate Organic Matter in the Pelagic Environment in Relation to Trace Metals.- Trace Metal Levels in Sea Water from the Skagerrak and the Kattegat.- Mercury Concentrations in the North Atlantic in Relation to Cadmium, Aluminium and Oceanographic Parameters.- Perturbations of the Natural Lead Depth Profile in the Sargasso Sea by Industrial Lead.- Copper, Nickel and Cadmium in the Surface Waters of the Mediterranean.- Accurate and Precise Analysis of Trace Levels of Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, Fe and Ni in Sea Water by Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry.- Session VII: Chemical Speciation.- Studies of the Chemical Forms of Trace Elements in Sea Water Using Radiotracers.- Trace Metals (Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd) in Anoxic Environments.- The Behavior of Trace Metals in Marine Anoxic Waters: Solubilities at the Oxygen-Hydrogen Sulfide Interface.- Variations of Dissolved Organic Copper in Marine Waters.- Trace Metals Speciation in Nearshore Anoxic and Suboxic Pore Waters.- The Contrasting Geochemistry of Manganese and Chromium in the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean.- Potentialities and Applications of Voltammetry in Chemical Speciation of Trace Metals in the Sea.- Studies of Cadmium, Copper and Zinc Interactions with Marine Fulvic and Humic Materials in Seawater Using Anodic Stripping Voltammetry.- Chemical Periodicity and the Speciation and Cycling of the Elements.- Potentiometric and Conformational Studies of the Acid-Base Properties of Fulvic Acid from Natural Waters.- Copper Speciation in Marine Waters.- Session VIII: Metals and the Biosphere.- Plankton Compositions and Trace Element Fluxes from the Surface Ocean.- Metals in Seawater as Recorded by Mussels.- Trace Elements and Primary Production: Problems, Effects and Solutions.- Trace Metals and Plankton in the Oceans: Facts and Speculations.- Sensitivity of Natural Bacterial Communities to Additions of Copper and to Cupric Ion Activity: A Bioassay of Copper Complexation in Seawater.- List of Participants.- Index of Authors.