Toxic Effects of Micro- and Nanoplastics

Auteur

Inamuddin, PhD, is an assistant professor at the Department of Applied Chemistry, Zakir Husain College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India. He has extensive research experience in the multidisciplinary fields of analytical chemistry, materials chemistry, electrochemistry, renewable energy, and environmental science. He has worked on different research projects funded by various government agencies and universities and is the recipient of awards, including the Department of Science and Technology, India, Fast-Track Young Scientist Award, and Young Researcher of the Year Award 2020 from Aligarh Muslim University. He has published about 210 research articles in various international scientific journals, 18 book chapters, and 170 edited books with multiple well-known publishers. His current research interests include ion exchange materials, sensors for heavy metal ions, biofuel cells, supercapacitors, and bending actuators. Tariq Altalhi, PhD, is Head of the Department of Chemistry and Vice Dean of the Science College at Taif University, Saudi Arabia. He received his PhD from the University of Adelaide, Australia in 2014. His research interests include developing advanced chemistry-based solutions for solid and liquid municipal waste management and converting plastic bags to carbon nanotubes and fly ash to efficient adsorbent material. He also researches natural extracts and their application in generating value-added products such as nanomaterials. Virgínia Cruz Fernandes, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Engineering of Porto, Polytechnic of Porto, Portugal. She obtained a Ph.D. in chemistry from the University of Porto in 2012. Her interests include toxicology, human health, and nutrition. Her research addresses the analytical process and data processing using analytics techniques. She has published 50 publications in international peer journals, eight book chapters, and received 11 awards.

Texte du rabat

This book provides in-depth coverage of the sources, dispersion, life cycle assessment strategies, physico-chemical interactions, methods of analysis, toxicological investigation, and remediation strategies of micro and nanoplastics. Micro and nanoplastics are the degradation products of large plastic compounds. These degraded polymers enter into the natural environment, including air, water, and food, which leads to various significant threats to human health. The nature of these micro and nanoplastics is persistent and consequently accumulates in the exposed person's body. Research into microplastics has shown that these particles accumulate in various human organs and impart detrimental effects on humans. To safeguard human health, analysis and remediation strategies are necessary. This book provides a comprehensive overview in 24 chapters on the source, distribution, life cycle assessment strategies, physico-chemical interactions, methods of analysis, toxicological investigation, and remediation strategies of micro and nanoplastics. Audience This book is a valuable resource for chemists and polymer scientists in various industries including plastics, fisheries, food and beverages, environmental sciences, agriculture, and medicine, as well as government policymakers.

Contenu

Preface xix

1 Aging Process of Microplastics in the Environment 1
Sílvia D. Martinho, Virgínia Cruz Fernandes, Sónia A. Figueiredo and Cristina Delerue-Matos

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Impact of MPs on the Environment 3

1.3 Pristine and Aged Microplastics 4

1.4 Influence of Aging Processes in the Properties of MPs 7

1.5 Simulation in the Laboratory of the Different Aging Effects 10

1.6 Conclusion 13

2 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Bioplastics 21
A. L. Tecorralco-Bobadilla, A. Vázquez-Morillas, G. González-Cardoso and P. X. Sotelo-Navarro

2.1 Introduction 21

2.2 Purpose and Approach of this Chapter 24

2.3 Development of Life Cycle Assessments for Bioplastics 26

2.4 Discussion 47

2.5 Concluding Remarks 54

3 Micro- and Nanoplastics--An Invisible Threat to Human Health 61
Anamika Singh, Anjali Joseph, Thyagaraju Badanavalu Madaiah and Shinomol George Kunnel

3.1 Introduction 61

3.2 Routes of Exposure 62

3.3 Phenomenon of Microplastics in Nourishment and Nutrients 65

3.4 Impact of Microplastics and Nanoplastics on Mammalian Health 66

3.5 Nanoplastics and Microplastics: Effects on Environment and Marine Life 67

3.6 Conclusions 68

4 Microplastics and Nanoplastics and Related Chemicals: The Physical-Chemical Interactions 73
Elsa Cherian, Lakshmi Mohan and Sony Elizebeth Manoj

4.1 Introduction to Micro- and Nanoplastics 73

4.2 Sources and Distribution of Micro- and Nanoplastics 76

4.3 Ecological Impacts of Micro- and Nanoplastics 76

4.4 Food Contamination and Human Exposure to Micro- and Nanoplastics 78

4.5 Toxicological Effects of Micro- and Nanoplastics on Human Health 79

4.6 Conclusions and Recommendations for Mitigating the Toxic Effects of Micro- and Nanoplastics 82

5 Microplastics and Nanoplastics: Sources, Distribution, Behaviors, and Fate 87
Minoo Giyahchi and Hamid Moghimi

5.1 Micro- and Nanoplastics: Principles and Sources 88

5.2 Micro- and Nanoplastic Behavior 89

5.3 Micro- and Nanoplastics' Distribution and Fate: From Terrestrial and Aquatic Environments to the Human Body 95

5.4 The Effect of Abiotic and Biotic Factors on MNPs' Behavior and Fate 100

5.5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 101

6 Microplastics and Nanoplastics in Food 107
Asra Tariq and Ghaus Rizvi

6.1 Introduction 107

6.2 Sources of Micro-Nanoplastics Affecting Food 109

6.3 Impact of Micro-Nanoplastics 114

6.4 Direct Impact on Human Health 114

6.5 Affecting the Food Chain 116

6.6 Detection of Micro-Nanoplastics in Food 116

6.7 Conclusion 118

7 Microplastics: Properties, Effect on the Environment and Removal Methods 125
Anirudh Pratap Singh Raman, Pallavi Jain and Prashant Singh

7.1 An Insight Into Microplastics (MPs) 125

7.2 Microplastic Definitions 126

7.3 Properties of MPs 126

7.4 Primary and Secondary Microplastics 127

7.5 Microbeads 128

7.6 Impacts of MPs 128

7.7 Global Initiatives 133

7.7.1 United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG 14) 133

7.8 Conclusion 134

8 Identification, Quantification, and Presence of Microplastics and Nanoplastics in Beverages Around the World 139
Lobato-Rocha Sheila Liliana Dafne, Cruz-Salas Arely Areanely, Rodríguez-Villa Aylin Geraldine, Tapia-Fuentes Jocelyn and Álvarez-Zeferino Juan Carlos

8.1 Introduction 139

8.2 Methodology 141

8.3 Results 142

8.4 Microplastic Concentrations in Beverages 148

8.5 Microplastic Characterization in Beverages 150

8.6 Human Exposure 155

8.7 Conclusions 156

9 Microplastics and Nanoplastics in Terrestrial Systems 163
Nigina, V. Sajith and Baiju G. Nair

9.1 Introduction 163

9.2 Micro/Nanoplastics in Soil 165

9.3 Micro/Nanoplastics in Plants 168

9.4 Micro/Nanoplastics in Terrestrial Organism 196

9.5 Conclusion 198

10 Microplastics in Cosmetics and Personal Care Products 215
Ana Isabel Hernandez-Soriano, Carolina Martínez-Salvador, Juan Carlos Alvarez-Zeferino, Alethia Vázquez-Morillas and M. Azahara Mesa-Jurado

10.1 Introduction 215

10.2 Methodology 218

10.3 Results 219

10.4 Characterization of Microplastics in PCPs and Cosmetics 220

10.5 Interaction Between Microplastics from PCPs and Other Substances 227

10.6 Toxicity of Microplastics from Personal Care Products and Cosmetics 228

10.7 Worldwide Bans on Microbeads in PCPs and Cosmetics 246

10.8 Conclusions 248

**11 Study on Microplastic Content in Cosmetic Products and Their Detrimental Effect on Human H…