Synthetic Musk Fragrances in the Environment

Over the last decade, synthetic musk fragrances, which after use enter the environment by different pathways, have been described as a new group of bioaccumulative and persistent xenobiotics. This book gives the first comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the environmental pollution caused by several different synthetic musks. Written by a wide range of international experts in the field, the book summarizes and critically discusses the musk levels in the different compartments of the aquatic environment, in indoor/ambient air, house dust, and in addition, in human samples. The aspects of biotransformation and metabolism of several synthetic musks in the environment and in animals/humans are particularly emphasized. Finally, a provisional toxicological assessment and risk evaluation is given. Many, as yet unpublished, data complete this survey. The volume also points out the gaps, the still missing toxicological and environmental data, and in general, the need for further research work in this field.

Contenu

Cornelia Sommer: The Role of Musk and Musk Compounds in the Fragrance Industry.- Hans-Dietrich Eschke: Synthetic Musks in Different Water Matrices.- Cornelia Fooken: Synthetic Musks in Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM), Sediment, and Sewage Sludge.- Pim E.G. Leonards and Jacob de Boer: Synthetic Musks in Fish and other Aquatic Organisms.- Roland Kallenborn and Robert Gatermann: Synthetic Musks in Ambient and Indoor Air.- Werner Butte: Synthetic Musks in House Dust.- Thomas Heberer, Susanne Jürgensen and Hermann Fromme: Synthetic Musks in the Aquatic System of Berlin as an Example for Urban Ecosystems.- Jana Hajslova and Lucie Setkova: Synthetic Musks in Bioindicators: Monitoring Data of Fish and Human Milk Samples from the Czech Republic.- Scarlett Biselli, Robert Gatermann, Roland Kallenborn, Leiv K. Sydnes and Heinrich Hühnerfuss: Biotic and Abiotic Transformation Pathways of Synthetic Musks in the Aquatic Environment.- Heinrich Hühnerfuss, Scarlett Biselli and Robert Gatermann: Enantioselective Analysis of Polycyclic Musks as a Versatile Tool for the Understanding of Environmental Processes.- Daniel Dietrich and Bettina Hitzfeld: Bioaccumulation and Ecotoxicity of Synthetic Musks in the Aquatic Environment.- Stefan Schwartz, Volker Berding and Michael Matthies: Musk Fragrances and Environmental Fate Models - HHCB as an Example for Model Refinements.- Hubertus Brunn, Nikola Bitsch and Judith Amberg-Müller: Toxicology of Synthetic Musk Compounds in Man and Animals.- Premysl Slanina: Risk Evaluation of Dietary and Dermal Exposure to Musk Fragrances.- Froukje Balk, Daniel Salvito and Han Blok: Recent Studies conducted by the Research Institute for Fragrance Materials (RIFM) in Support of the Environmental Risk Assessment Process.