Clinical Psychology

The first book to offer a truly global perspective on the theory and practice of clinical psychology

While clinical psychology is practiced the world over, up to now there has been no text devoted to examining it within a global context. The first book of its kind, Clinical Psychology: A Global Perspective brings together contributions from clinicians and scholars around the world to share their insights and observations on the theory and practice of clinical psychology.

Due partly to language barriers and entrenched cultural biases, there is little cultural cross-pollination within the field of clinical psychology. In fact, most of the popular texts were written for English-speaking European and Anglo-American audiences and translated for other countries. As a result, most psychologists are unaware of how their profession is conceptualized and practiced in different regions, or how their own practices can be enriched by knowledge of the theories and modalities predominant among colleagues in other parts of the world. This book represents an important first step toward rectifying that state of affairs.

• Explores key differences and similarities in how clinical psychology is conceptualized and practiced with children, adolescents and adults across different countries and cultures
• Addresses essential research methods, clinical interviews, psychometric testing, neuropsychological assessments, and dominant treatment modalities
• Follows a consistent format with each chapter focusing on a specific area of the practice of clinical psychology while integrating cultural issues within the discussion
• Includes coverage of how to adapt one's practice to the differing cultures of individual clients, and how to work in multidisciplinary teams within a global context

Clinical Psychology: A Global Perspective is a valuable resource for students, trainees, and practicing psychologists, especially those who work with ethnic minority groups or with interpreters. It is also a must-read for practitioners who are considering working internationally.

Auteur

STEFAN G. HOFMANN, PHD, is Professor of Psychology in the Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences at Boston University, where he directs the Psychotherapy and Emotion Research Laboratory. His main research focuses on the mechanism of treatment change, translating discoveries from neuroscience into clinical applications, emotion regulation strategies, and cultural expressions of psychopathology. He is the author of more than three hundred scientific publications and twenty books. He is a Highly Cited Researcher by Thomson Reuters, and has many other awards.

Contenu

Notes on Contributors xv

Preface xxiii

1 Research Methods 1
Julian A. Rubel and Wolfgang Lutz

Introduction 1

Research on the Frequency, Cause, and Prevention of Psychological Problems, and Disorders 1

Epidemiology 1

Etiology and Analytical Epidemiology 2

Prevention 3

Evaluating Clinical Interventions and Treatments 3

Does the Intervention Work? 4

External Validity 5

Quantifying the Effects of an Intervention 6

Integrating the Results from Multiple Studies-Meta-analyses 7

Is the Intervention Effective for this Specific Patient? 8

How, for Whom, and under which Conditions do Clinical Interventions Work? 10

Summary 12

2 Classification Systems across the Globe 15
*Jan Christopher Cwik and Jürgen Margraf*

Introduction 15

Classification Systems in Western Cultures 16

Atheoretical Classification Systems 16

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) 16

The International Classification of Diseases, Injuries and Causes of Death (ICD) 17

Theory-based Psychoanalytic and Psychodynamic Classification Systems 18

Classification Systems in Non-Western Cultures 19

The Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders (CCMD) 20

Specific Classification Systems 22

Specific categorical classification systems 22

Specific Noncategorical Classification Systems 23

3 Clinical Interviewing with Adults 29
Christopher C. Conway, Michelle L. Bourgeois, and Timothy A. Brown

Introduction 29

Goals of the Clinical Interview 29

Elements of the Clinical Interview 30

Diagnostic Criteria 30

Risk Assessment 32

Behavioral Observation 33

Psychosocial Assessment 34

Interviewing Techniques 35

Reliability and Validity of Interviews 36

Integrating Cultural Context in Interviews 38

Actuarial Judgment 38

Functional Analysis 39

Differential Diagnosis 40

Summary 40

4 Clinical Interviews with Children and Adolescents 43
Eva Charlotte Merten and Silvia Schneider

Introduction 43

Clinical Interviews with Children and Adolescents 45

Implementation of Clinical Interviews 51

Diagnostics with Children Needs Training! 51

Age, Age, Age . . . 52

Interviews with Preschool Children 52

Are Children Reliable Informants? 53

Difficulties in Daily Practice 56

Difficulties on the Patient's Side 56

Difficulties regarding Taxonomy 57

Difficulties on the Diagnostician's Side 57

Everything Perfect? How Often are Structured Interviews used in Clinical Practice? 58

Summary 59

5 Psychological Tests 65
Robert J. Craig

Introduction 65

Principles and Properties of Psychological Tests 66

Types of Psychological Tests 66

Objective Personality Tests 67

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI/MMPI-2) 67

Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-III) 69

The Personality Assessment Inventory 72

The NEO-PI-R 72

Conclusion 73

Projective Clinical Assessment Instruments 73

Rorschach Inkblot Test 73

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) 73

Other Instruments 74

Computer Test Interpretation 74

Recent Challenges 75

6 A Global Perspective on Neuropsychological Assessment 81
Rachel N. Casas, Matthew Calamia, and Daniel Tranel

Introduction 81

Overlapping Histories: Neuropsychological Assessment 82

Purposes of Neuropsychological Assessment 83

Classification of Behavior and Cognition in Neuropsychological Assessment 85

Emotionality 86

Executive Functions 87

Neuropsychological Assessment: Approaches and Methods 87

Approaches Emphasizing Qualitative Methods 87

Approaches Emphasizing Quantitative Methods 88

Critical Considerations for Neuropsychological Assessment in a Global Society 89

Interpretation of Neuropsychological Assessment Results 91

Feedback and Recommendations 93

Future Directions for Neuropsychological Assessment: A Global Perspective 94

7 Culturally Informed Neuropsychological Assessment 99
Rosemary Toomey

Introduction 99

The Field of Clinical Neuropsychology 99

Clinical Neuropsychology Assessment 100

Intelligence 101

Achievement 103

Attention 103

Memory 103

Language 104

Executive Functioning 104

Visual Spatial 105

Motor Functioning 105

Crosscultural Considerations in Clinical Neuropsychology 105

Are Nonverbal Tests Culture Free? 106

Bilingualism 106

Translating Tests 107

Literacy 107

Norming by Race or Country 108

Acculturation 108

Interaction of Different Subject Characteristics 109

Child Neuropsychology 109

Reading Disorder: A Lens through which to View Crosscultural Issues 109

Research Study 110

Clinical Case Study 111

Background 111

Test Performance 111

Interpretation 112

Diagnosis and Recommendations 112

Summary 112

8 Evidence-Based Treatments: The Debate 119
Thomas H. Ollendick, Peter Muris, and Cecilia A. Essau

Introduction 119

Defining Evidence-Based Treatments 120

Evidence-Based Treatments: The Debate 121

Conclusions 128

9 Childhood and Adolescent Disorders 135
*Amie E. Grills and Melissa K. Holt*

Neurodevelopmental Disorders 136

Intellectual Disabilities 136

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) 13…