Fast-Charging Infrastructure for Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Fast-Charging Infrastructure for Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Comprehensive resource describing fast-charging infrastructure in electric vehicles, including various subsystems involved in the power system architecture needed for fast-charging

Fast-Charging Infrastructure for Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles presents various aspects of fast-charging infrastructure, including the location of fast-charging stations, revenue models and tariff structures, power electronic converters, power quality problems such as harmonics & supraharmonics, energy storage systems, and wireless-charging, electrical distribution infrastructures and planning.

This book serves as a guide to learn recent advanced technologies with examples and case studies. It also considers problems that arise, and the mitigation methods involved, in fast-charging stations in global aspects and provides tools for analysis.

Sample topics covered in Fast-Charging Infrastructure for Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles include:

• Selection of fast-charging stations, advanced power electronic converter topologies for EV fast-charging, wireless charging for plug-in HEV/EVs, and batteries for fast-charging infrastructure
• Standards for fast-charging infrastructure and power quality issues (analysis of harmonic injection and system resonance conditions due to large-scale penetration of EVs and supraharmonic injection)

For professionals in electric vehicle technology, along with graduate and senior undergraduates, professors, and researchers in related fields, Fast-Charging Infrastructure for Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles is a useful, comprehensive, and accessible guide to gain an overview of the current state of the art.

Auteur

Sivaraman Palanisamy is a Program Manager for EV Charging Infrastructure at WRI India. He is an IEEE Senior Member and a member of CIGRE. He is a co-editor of the Wiley title Microgrid Technologies (2021) and a co-author of Basic Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering (2020). Sharmeela Chenniappan, PhD, holds the post of Professor in the Department of EEE, CEG campus, at Anna University, Chennai, India. She is an IEEE Senior Member, a Life Member of CBIP, a Life Member of the Institution of Engineers (India), ISTE, and SSI. Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban, PhD, is a Faculty Member with the Department of Electrical Engineering, IT and Cybernetics at the University of South-Eastern Norway, Porsgrunn, Norway. He is a co-editor on multiple Wiley titles.

Texte du rabat

Fast-Charging Infrastructure for Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles Comprehensive resource describing fast-charging infrastructure in electric vehicles, including various subsystems involved in the power system architecture needed for fast-charging Fast-Charging Infrastructure for Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles presents various aspects of fast-charging infrastructure, including the location of fast-charging stations, revenue models and tariff structures, power electronic converters, power quality problems such as harmonics & supraharmonics, energy storage systems, and wireless-charging, electrical distribution infrastructures and planning. This book serves as a guide to learn recent advanced technologies with examples and case studies. It also considers problems that arise, and the mitigation methods involved, in fast-charging stations in global aspects and provides tools for analysis. Sample topics covered in Fast-Charging Infrastructure for Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles include: Selection of fast-charging stations, advanced power electronic converter topologies for EV fast-charging, wireless charging for plug-in HEV/EVs, and batteries for fast-charging infrastructure Standards for fast-charging infrastructure and power quality issues (analysis of harmonic injection and system resonance conditions due to large-scale penetration of EVs and supraharmonic injection) For professionals in electric vehicle technology, along with graduate and senior undergraduates, professors, and researchers in related fields, Fast-Charging Infrastructure for Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles is a useful, comprehensive, and accessible guide to gain an overview of the current state of the art.

Contenu

Preface xii

About the Authors xiv

Acknowledgments xvi

1 Introduction to Electric Vehicle Fast-Charging Infrastructure 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Fast-Charging Station 4

1.2.1 Power Grid or Grid Power Supply 4

1.2.2 Power Cables 5

1.2.3 Switchgears 8

1.2.4 Distribution Transformer 8

1.2.5 Energy Meters and Power Quality Meters 9

1.2.6 Fast Chargers 10

1.2.7 Plugs and Connectors 10

1.2.7.1 CCS Combo 1 Connector 13

1.2.7.2 CHAdeMO Connector 13

1.2.7.3 Tesla Connectors 14

1.3 Fast-Charging Station Using Renewable Power Sources (RES) 14

1.4 Digital Communication for Fast-Charging Station 17

1.5 Requirements for Fast-Charging Station 19

1.6 Case Study: Public Fast-Charging Station in India 20

1.7 Conclusion 23

References 24

Annexure 1 Photos 26

2 Selection of Fast-Charging Station 31

2.1 Introduction 31

2.2 Business Model for Fast-Charging Stations 32

2.3 Location of Fast-Charging Station 33

2.4 Electric Supply for Fast Charging 35

2.5 Availability of Land 36

2.6 Conclusion 37

References 37

3 Business Model and Tariff Structure for Fast-Charging Station 39

3.1 Introduction 39

3.2 Business Model 41

3.2.1 Integrated Model 41

3.2.2 Independent Model 42

3.2.3 Selection of Business Model for Fast-Charging Station 43

3.2.4 Fast-Charging Infrastructure and Operating Expenses 44

3.3 Battery Swapping 45

3.4 Tariff Structure 47

3.4.1 Tariff Between Electric Utilities (DISCOMs) and Fast-Charging Stations 47

3.4.2 Tariff Between Fast-Charging Stations and EV Users 47

3.5 Conclusion 48

References 48

4 Batteries for Fast-Charging Infrastructure 51

4.1 Introduction 51

4.2 C-Rating of the Battery 52

4.3 Different Types of Chemistries 53

4.3.1 Li-Ion Family 54

4.3.2 Lead Acid 55

4.3.3 Nickel Family 55

4.3.4 Selection of Battery Chemistry 56

4.4 Batteries Used in EVs in the Market 56

4.5 Conclusion 58

References 58

5 Distribution System Planning 59

5.1 Introduction 59

5.2 Planning for Power and Energy Demand 62

5.3 Planning for Distribution System Feeders and Equipment 71

5.4 Conclusion 81

References 81

6 Electric Distribution for Fast-Charging Infrastructure 83

6.1 Introduction 83

6.2 Major Components of Fast-Charging Station 86

6.3 Design of Fast-Charging Station 86

6.3.1 Single Point of Failure 86

6.3.2 Configuration of Electrical Distribution Considering the Redundancy 88

6.3.2.1 Simple Radial Distribution Scheme for FCS 88

6.3.2.2 Expanded Radial Scheme for FCS 89

6.3.2.3 Primary Selective Scheme for FCS 89

6.3.2.4 Secondary Selective Scheme for FCS 93

6.3.2.5 Primary Loop Scheme for FCS 98

6.3.2.6 Sparing Transformer Configuration for FCS 98

6.3.2.7 Other Configurations for FCS 103

6.4 Conclusion 108

References 108

7 Energy Storage System for Fast-Charging Stations 111

7.1 Introduction 111

7.2 Renewables + ESS 112

7.2.1 Solar PV System without Battery Energy Storage System - Scheme 1 AC Interconnection 113

7.2.2 Solar PV System with Battery Energy Storage System - Scheme 2 AC Interconnection 114

7.2.3 Solar PV System with Battery Energy Storage System - Scheme 3 DC Interconnection 116

7.3 Microgrid with Renewables + ESS 118

7.3.1 Grid-Connected Microgrid for Fast-Charging Stations 119

7.3.2 Standalone Microgrid for Fast-Charging Stations 124

7.4 ESS Modes of Operation 124

7.5 Conclusion 127

References 128

8 Surge Protection Device for Electric Vehicle Fast-Charging Infrastructure 129

8.1 Introduction 129

8.2 Surge Protection …