Regional Science in Business

Graham Clarke and Moss Madden 1. 1 Background In the mid 1990s there were a number of papers in regional science that questioned the relevance and purpose of the entire sub-discipline. Bailly and Coffey (1994) for example, talked of 'regional science in crisis'. They argued that there were two fundamental problems. First, regional science was too theoretical in the sense that many of its products were models that could neither be calibrated (too complex) or operationalised (too abstract) in the real world. They suggested that regional science had not sufficiently demonstrated that it can address real-world problems and subsequently lacked a focus on relevant policy issues. Second, they argued that regional science had become too narrow in focus and had moved away too far from real people and their daily concerns or struggles in life. This was not the first time we had witnessed these sorts of arguments, both from outside the discipline and from within. Sayer (1976) was perhaps the first to argue for a shift from a model-based focus in regional science to one based on political economy. Breheny (1984) criticised the 'deep ignorance among regional scientists of the nature of practical policy making and implementation' (see also Rodwin (1987) for similar views in the mid 1980s). Such self-reflection is a feature of many disciplines as they reach maturity. There have been many similar reflections in geography (Johnston 1996, Barnes 1996) and economics (see the collection in the January edition of the Economic Journal 1991).

Describes research based on funds obtained from business or Government; that is, research specifically tendered by these organisations rather than resulting from a general application to a Government research council Readers will benefit from an understanding of why the methodologies of regional science (input-output, spatial interaction, land-use/transportation, GIS etc.) are important to the outside world

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This book provides a new collection of papers on applied regional science. It takes each of the main methodologies of the discipline and provides a case study of their use for policy making. The work reported in each chapter has been directly funded by the private sector or by major Government departments. Thus it shows how important the methodologies of regional science can be for problem solving. Each chapter describes the methodology itself, the client requirements, the data sources used, the results and any new theoretical developments arising from the applications. These case studies show how the discipline has matured and how it is now capable of providing answers to a wide range of what-if scenarios.

Contenu
1 Introduction.- 2 Creating and Expanding Trade Partnerships Within the Chicago Metropolitan Area: Applications Using a Miyazawa Accounting System.- 3 Socio-economic Impact Assessment: Meeting Client Requirements.- 4 Multiregional Computational General Equilibrium and Spatial Interaction Trade Modelling: An Empirical Example.- 5 The Regional Cambridge Multisectoral Dynamic Model of the UK Economy.- 6 Discrete Choice Modelling: Basic Principles and Application to Parking Policy Assessment.- 7 Applied Population Projection for Regional and Local Planning.- 8 Applied Spatial Interaction Modelling.- 9 The Objectives and Design of a New Land-use Modelling Package: DELTA.- 10 Transport and Urban Development.- 11 Boundary-Swapping Optimisation and Regional Design.- 12 Optimal Distribution Strategies.- 13 An Applied Microsimulation Model: Exploring Alternative Domestic Water Consumption Scenarios.- 14 Fuzzy Geodemographic Targeting.- 15 Analysing Access to Hospital Facilities with GIS.- 16 GIS and Large-scale Linear Programming: Evolution of a Spatial Decision Support System for Land Use Management.- 17 Crime Pattern Analysis, Spatial Targeting and GIS: The Development of New Approaches for Use in Evaluating Community Safety Initiatives.- Figures.- Tables.- Author Index.- Contributors.