Forest Island Dynamics in Man-Dominated Landscapes

by the authors. This beach-head is only one of several which have recently been made in landscape ecology, striving to invade and occupy a fairly new territory on the map of science. This volume's editors and collaborators made another landing in analysis of space-time patterns of forest islands. Their contribution to the First International Conference on Landscape Ecology (3) and some related analyses (4, 5, 6, 7, 8) expressed the amount of area of a given landscape type as a function of rates of income minus rates of loss in simulation models for land use and cover change. Such models of landscape change as a Markov process complement others of ecological succession for replacement of one species by another (9, 10, 11, 12), and for competition in the growth and survival of individuals while competing for limited resources on a plot "island" in a "sea" of mixed landscape terrain (9, 13). Further analysis of the meaning of terrain and the geologic and soil boundary conditions which constrain ecosystem equations is provided by George Bowen's recent thesis (14) analyzing forest island pattern in Ohio. Percent cover of forest and a density parameter (number of islands per unit area) or else a dissection index for the glaciated and (rougher) unglaciated terrain embodied much of the pattern information that was expressed more abstractly in a factor analysis.

Contenu

1. Introduction.- Dissected Landscapes of the Deciduous Forest Biome.- Problems for This Volume.- 2. The Minimum Critical Size of Ecosystems.- 3. Woodlots as Biogeographic Islands in Southeastern Wisconsin.- Description of the Study Area.- Methods.- Results and Discussion.- Conclusions.- 4. The Groundlayer Vegetation of Forest Islands in an UrbanSuburban Matrix.- Description of the Study Area.- Methods.- Results and Discussion.- Conclusions.- 5. Mammals in Forest Islands in Southeastern Wisconsin.- Description of the Study Area.- Methods.- Results and Discussion.- Conclusions.- 6. The Importance of Edge in the Structure and Dynamics of Forest Islands.- Concepts of Forest Edge.- Description of the Study Area.- Methods.- Results.- Conclusions.- 7. Biogeography of Forest Plants in the PrairieForest Ecotone of Western Minnesota.- Description of the Study Area.- Methods.- Results.- Discussion and Conclusions.- 8. Effects of Forest Fragmentation on Avifauna of the Eastern Deciduous Forest.- Methods.- Results.- Discussion.- Conclusions.- Appendices.- 9. Modeling Recolonization by Neotropical Migrants in Habitats with Changing Patch Structure, with Notes on the Age Structure of Populations.- A Simple Model without Age Structure.- A Model with Age Structure.- 10. Modeling Seed Dispersal and Forest Island Dynamics.- The Wind Dispersal Model.- The Animal Dispersal Model.- Vegetation Dynamics Model.- Conclusions.- 11. Optimization of Forest Island Spatial Patterns: Methodology for Analysis of Landscape Pattern.- Objectives.- Background.- Discussion.- 12. Artificial SuccessionA Feeding Strategy for the Megazoo.- The Geography of Dominance.- The Ecology of Dominance.- A Preliminary Survey of Urban Islands.- Discussion.- 13. Summary and Conclusions.- Landscape Patterns.-Species Richness of Forest Islands.- Implications for Environmental Management.- Conclusions.- References.