Kambuja Desa - Or An Ancient Hindu Colony In Cambodia

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iv PREFACE deliver these lectures an invitation, which I consider to be a high distinction and a great privilege. I would also like to offer cordial thanks to my esteemed friend Prof. K. A. Nilakanta Sastri M. A., who presided over these lectures, and whose company and hospitality I enjoyed in ample measure during my stay at Madras, 4 BEPIN PAL ROAD KALIGHAT, CALCUTTA, V R. C. MAJUMDAR. MAY 8, 1943. ABBREVIATIONS. 1. AymonierLe Cambodge by E. Aymonier, 3 Vols. Paris, 1900-1903. 2. BCAI. nBulletin de la Commission Archeologique de Flndo-chine. 3. BEFEO. iBulletin de 1 Ecole Franchise d 4 Extreme-Orient. 4. Champa Ancient Indian Colonies in the Far East, Vol. I, Champa by Dr. R. C. Majumdar, Lahore, 1927. 5. Chatterji Indian Influence in Cambodia Calcutta University, 1928-6. Corpus Inscriptions Sanscrites du Cambodge by M. Barth and A, Bergaigne Paris, 1885. 7. Et. As. Etudes Asiatiques Hanoi, 1925, 8. Ferrand-Textes Relations de voyages et Textes Geographiques Arabs, Persans et Turks relatifs a IExtreme Orient by G. Ferrand Paris, 1913-14. 9. Inscriptions Inscriptions du Cambodge by G. Coedes Hanoi, 1937, 10. Maspero LEmpire Khmer by G. Maspero Phnom Penh, 1904. 11. Suvamadv pa Ancient Indian Colonies in the Far East, Vol. II, Suvarnadvipa, Part I, Political History, Part II, Cultural History by Dr. R. C, Majumdar Dacca, 1937. CONTENTS LECTURE PAGE I. THE BEGINNINGS OF INDIAN COLONISATION IN CAMBODIA, 1 II. THE KINGDOM OP FU-NAN, 25 III. THE RISE OF KAMBUJADESA . . 45 IV. THE CONSOLIDATION OF THE KAMBUJA KINGDOM . . 67 V. THE RISE OF ANGKOR, . 91 VI. THE KAMBUJA EMPIRE . . 115 LIST OF INSCRIPTIONS . . 143 INDEX .. 163 LECTURE I THE BEGINNINGS OF INDIAN COLONISATION IN CAMBODIA. Ipropose to review, in a course of six lectures, the history of the Indian colony of Kambuja-desa 1 modern Cambodia and some aspects of the civilisation that the Hindus, using this term in its broadest sense, had introduced in this distant land. I shall try to describe how the small isolated Hindu kingdoms in different parts of Cambodia were welded into a mighty kingdom that stretched from the Bay of Bengal to the sea of China, how the essential spirit of Hindu culture was transplanted to this distant corner of Asia, how the Hindu religion inspired it to build monuments whose massive grandeur still excites the wonder of the world and far surpasses anything known so far in India, how art and institutions, created on Indian models, grew and developed a unique character, how this mighty colonial kingdom flourished for more than a thousand years fed by constant streams of civilisation flowing from the motherland, and at last met with inevitable decline when this peren nial source itself decayed and ceased to flow. The treatment of the subject will necessarily be of a general character, as minute discussions of controversial points will be out of place in a public lecture. But I shall try to bring together the most reliable data available on the subject, and when these series of lectures will be published in the form of a book, add notes to explain the different view-points and the source and authority of my statements. Two considerations have induced me to follow this method. In the first place I wish to awaken the general interest in a subject which is at present but little known. For although the history of Greater India constitutes an important and brilliant chapter of the History ofIndia, it has not yet appealed to the general public, and even to professed students of Indian history to any considerable extent. Secondly, I wish to emphasise the broad features of the history and civilisation of Kambuja in order that a solid foundation may be 1. The term Kambuja-desa, or simply Kambuja has been used to indi cate the ancient Hindu colonial kingdom, in the modern French Protectorate of Cambodia, 2 KAMBUJA-DESA laid for further detailed studies on the subject...