Photosynthesis I

As editor of the two-part Volume V on photosynthesis in RUHLAND'S Encyclopedia, the forerunner of this series published in 1960, I have been approached by the editors of the present volume to provide a short preface. The justification for following this suggestion lies in the great changes which have been taking place in biology in the two decades between these publications, changes which are reflected in the new editorial plan. Twenty years ago it appeared convenient and formally easy to consider photo synthesis as a clearly separated field of research, which could be dealt with under two major headings: one presenting primarily photochemical and biochemical prin ciples, the other physiological and environmental studies. Such a partition, however, as far as aims and opinions of the authors were concerned, resulted in a rather heterogeneous volume. Today, the tendency in experimental biology is towards a merger of previously distinct disciplines. Biochemists and biophysicists have developed their methods to such an extent that, over and above the analysis of individual reaction sequences, work on the manifold interrelationships among cellular activities has become in creasingly possible. Joining them in growing numbers are the physiologists and ecologists with their wealth of information on activity changes in vivo and on the variability and efficiency of the organisms concerned. Furthermore, biochemists, biophysicists and physiologists also now share a lively interest in ultrastructure research, the results and implications of which, through continually improving methodology, have generated important stimuli for the work in the field of cell function.

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With contributions by numerous experts

Contenu
I. History.- Photosynthesis 195075: Changing Concepts and Perspectives.- II. Electron Transport.- 1. General 1 a. Physical Aspects of Light Harvesting, Electron Transport and Electrochemical Potential Generation in Photosynthesis of Green Plants.- 1b. Electron Transport in Chloroplasts.- 2. Porphyrins, Chlorophyll, and Photosynthesis.- 3. Light Conversion Efficiency in Photosynthesis.- 4. P-700.- 5. Chlorophyll Fluorescence: A Probe for Electron Transfer and Energy Transfer.- 6. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.- 7. Primary Electron Acceptors.- 8. Oxygen Evolution and Manganese.- 9. Ferredoxin.- 10. Flavodoxin.- 11. Flavoproteins.- 12. Cytochromes.- 13. Plastoquinone.- 14. Plastocyanin.- 15. Artificial Acceptors and Donors.- 16. Inhibitors of Electron Transport.- 17. Antibodies.- 18. Chemical Modification of Chloroplast Membranes.- III. Energy Conservation.- 1. Photophosphorylation.- 2. Proton and Ion Transport Across the Thylakoid Membranes.- 3. Bound Nucleotides and Conformational Changes in Photophosphorylation.- 4. The High Energy State.- 5. ATPase.- 6. Post-Illumination ATP Formation.- 7. Chloroplast Coupling Factor.- 8. Field Changes.- 9. Acid Base ATP Synthesis in Chloroplasts.- 10. Energy-Dependent Conformational Changes.- 11. Uncoupling of Electron Transport from Phosphorylation in Chloroplasts.- 12. Energy Transfer Inhibitors of Photophosphorylation in Chloroplasts.- 13. Photophosphorylation in vivo.- 14. Delayed Luminescence.- 15. Exchange Reactions.- IV. Structure and Function.- 1. Introduction to Structure and Function of the Photosynthesis Apparatus.- 2. The Topography of the Thylakoid Membrane of the Chloroplast.- 3. Subchloroplast Preparations.- 4. Fragmentation.- 5. The Organization of Chlorophyll in vivo.- 6. Development of ChloroplastStructure and Function.- V. Algal and Bacterial Photosynthesis.- 1. Eukaryotic Algae.- 2. Blue-Green Algae.- 3. Electron Transport and Photophosphorylation in Photosynthetic Bacteria.- Author Index.