Business Practice in Socialist Hungary, Volume 1

This study aims to reconstruct the activities of enterprises and individuals over two decades in one developing country (Hungary), within and across four politico-economic domains (agriculture, infrastructure/construction, commerce, and manufacturing), from the initial Stalinist obsession with heavy industry (Volume 1: Creating the Theft Economy, 1945-1957) through later reforms paying greater attention to profitable farming and the provision of abundant consumer goods (Volume 2: From Chaos to Contradiction, 1957-1972, forthcoming 2023). It provides hundreds of grounded, granular stories for reflection, as reported by actors and direct observers, ranging from innovation and improvisation to obstruction, failure, and fraud. Further, it offers an otherwise-unobtainable close encounter with another world, familiar in some respects while amazingly peculiar in others.

The social history of enterprise and work in postwar Central European nations building socialism has longbeen underdeveloped. Through extensive macro-level research on planning and policy in Hungary, Poland, Czechoslovakia, and other Bloc countries, a grand narrative has been framed: reconstruction and breakneck industrialization under Soviet tutelage; then eventual mismanagement, stagnation and crisis, leading to collapse. This book seeks to explore what socialism actually looked like to those sustaining (or enduring} it as they faced forward into an unknowable future, to assess how and where it did (or didn't) work, and to recount how ordinary people responded to its opportunities and constraints.

This study will appeal to readers interested in understanding how businesses worked day-to-day in a planned economy, how enterprise practices and technological strategies shifted during the first postwar generation, how novice managers and technicians emerged during rapid industrialization, how peasants learned to farm cooperatively, how organizations improvised and adapted, howpolitical purity and practical expertise contended for control, and how the controversies and convulsions of the postwar decades shaped a deeply flawed project to build socialism.

Focuses on everyday stories of creativity and fraud, improvisation and failure in the 1950s and 1960s Presents a narrative from the bottom-up perspective in developing and maintaining Hungary's business system Identifies distinctive patterns in the four principal economic sectors

Auteur

Philip Scranton is University Board of Governors Professor Emeritus, History of Industry and Technology, at Rutgers University, USA. His publications include fourteen books and seventy scholarly articles, multiple contributions to exhibit catalogs, and numerous reviews of books and conferences.

Résumé
"Philip Scranton's new book highlights a number of very important problems in a very interesting and readable way. ... The phenomena examined in the book were deeply embedded in the internal relations of contemporary firms, they were also influenced by power relations between authorities and companies, bargaining over resources and performance, by conflicting interests, by networks of social relations among the workers: complex economic and social processes that will be worthy of further study by future generations of researchers." (Ágnes Pogány, Business History, October 5, 2023)

Contenu

Preface.- Chapter 1 Introduction: Hungary: Geography, History and Society to 1945.- Chapter 2 The Theft Economy: Occupation and Forced Industrialization.- Chapter 3 Agriculture from Stalinism to the Revolt.- Chapter 4 An Unfinished Project: Constructing Socialist Construction.- Chapter 5 Socialist Commerce: Provisioning, Coping, Maneuvering and Trading.- Chapter 6 Hungary's Socialist Industrialization: A Snare and a Delusion.- Chapter 7 The Revolt: Spontaneity, Repression and Reaction.- Chapter 8 Afterword.

<p