Control Systems Engineering, International Adaptation

Auteur

Norman S. Nise teaches in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at California State Polytechnic University, Pomona. In addition to being the author of *Control Systems Engineering, Professor Nise has contributed to the CRC publications *The Engineering Handbook, The Control Handbook, and *The Electrical Engineering Handbook.

Texte du rabat

Control Systems Engineering, eighth edition, offers students a comprehensive introduction to the design and analysis of feedback systems that support modern technology. It takes a practical approach, presenting clear and complete explanations. Real-world examples demonstrate the analysis and design process, while helpful skill-assessment exercises, numerous in-chapter examples, review questions, and problems reinforce key concepts. Multiple experiment formats demonstrate essential principles through hypothetical scenarios, simulations, and interactive virtual models, while Cyber Exploration Laboratory Experiments allow students to interface with actual hardware through National Instruments' myDAQ for real-world systems testing. This emphasis on practical applications has made it the most widely adopted text for core courses in mechanical, electrical, aerospace, biomedical, and chemical engineering. This edition of the text maintains those aspects of the previous editions that have led to the book being so successful. In addition to introducing a new online chapter on Optimal Control Systems, this edition strengthens the coverage by including new sections on Servomechanism, Multivariable Systems, Tuning of PID Controllers, and All-Pass and Non-Minimum Phase Systems. Many of the end-of-chapter problems have been revised and new problems have been added.

Contenu

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction

1.2 System Configurations

1.3 Servomechanism

1.4 A History of Control Systems

1.5 Analysis and Design Objectives

1.6 The Design Process

1.7 Multivariable Systems

1.8 Computer-Aided Design

1.9 The Control Systems Engineer

Summary

Review Questions

Problems

Cyber Exploration Laboratory

Bibliography

2. MODELING IN THE FREQUENCY DOMAIN

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Laplace Transform Review

2.3 The Transfer Function

2.4 Electrical Network Transfer Functions

2.5 Translational Mechanical System Transfer Functions

2.6 Rotational Mechanical System Transfer Functions

2.7 Transfer Functions for Systems with Gears

2.8 Electromechanical System Transfer Functions

2.9 Electric Circuit Analogs

2.10 Nonlinearities

2.11 Linearization

Summary

Review Questions

Problems

Cyber Exploration Laboratory

Hardware Interface Laboratory

Bibliography

3. MODELING IN THE TIME DOMAIN

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Some Observations

3.3 The General State-Space Representation

3.4 Applying the State-Space Representation

3.5 Converting a Transfer Function to State Space

3.6 Converting from State Space to a Transfer Function

3.7 Linearization

Summary

Review Questions

Problems

Cyber Exploration Laboratory

Bibliography

4. TIME RESPONSE ANALYSIS

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Poles, Zeros, and System Response

4.3 First-Order Systems

4.4 Second-Order Systems: Introduction

4.5 The General Second-Order System

4.6 Underdamped Second-Order Systems

4.7 System Response with Additional Poles

4.8 System Response with Zeros

4.9 Effects of Nonlinearities upon Time Response

4.10 Laplace Transform Solution of State Equations

4.11 Time Domain Solution of State Equations

Summary

Review Questions

Problems

Cyber Exploration Laboratory

Hardware Interface Laboratory

Bibliography

5. REDUCTION OF MULTIPLE SUBSYSTEMS

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Block Diagrams

5.3 Analysis and Design of Feedback Systems

5.4 Signal-Flow Graphs

5.5 Mason's Rule

5.6 Signal-Flow Graphs of State Equations

5.7 Alternative Representations in State Space

5.8 Similarity Transformations

Summary

Review Questions

Problems

Cyber Exploration Laboratory

Bibliography

6. STABILITY

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Routh-Hurwitz Criterion

6.3 Routh-Hurwitz Criterion: Special Cases

6.4 Routh-Hurwitz Criterion: Additional Examples

6.5 Stability in State Space

Summary

Review Questions

Problems

Cyber Exploration Laboratory

Bibliography

7. STEADY-STATE ERRORS

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Steady-State Error for Unity-Feedback Systems

7.3 Static Error Constants and System Type

7.4 Steady-State Error Specifications

7.5 Steady-State Error for Disturbances

7.6 Steady-State Error for Nonunity-Feedback Systems

7.7 Sensitivity

7.8 Steady-State Error for Systems in State Space

Summary

Review Questions

Problems

Cyber Exploration Laboratory

Bibliography

8. ROOT LOCUS TECHNIQUES

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Defining the Root Locus

8.3 Properties of the Root Locus

8.4 Sketching the Root Locus

8.5 Refining the Sketch

8.6 An Example

8.7 Transient Response Design via Gain Adjustment

8.8 Generalized Root Locus

8.9 Root Locus for Positive-Feedback Systems

8.10 Pole Sensitivity

Summary

Review Questions

Problems

Cyber Exploration Laboratory

Hardware Interface Laboratory

Bibliography

9. DESIGN VIA ROOT LOCUS

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Improving Steady-State Error via Cascade Compensation

9.3 Improving Transient Response via Cascade Compensation

9.4 Improving Steady-State Error and Transient Response

9.5 Feedback Compensation

9.6 Physical Realization of Compensation

9.7 Tuning of PID Controllers

Summary

Review Questions

Problems

Cyber Exploration Laboratory

Hardware Interface Laboratory

Bibliography

10. FREQUENCY RESPONSE TECHNIQUES

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Asymptotic Approximations: Bode Plots

10.3 All-Pass and Non-Minimum Phase Systems

10.4 Introduction to the Nyquist Criterion

10.5 Sketching the Nyquist Diagram

10.6 Stability via the Nyquist Diagram

10.7 Gain Margin and Phase Margin via the Nyquist Diagram

10.8 Stability, Gain Margin, and Phase Margin via Bode Plots

10.9 Relation Between Closed-Loop Transient and Closed-Loop Frequency Responses

10.10 Relation Between Closed- and Open-Loop Frequency Responses

10.11 Relation Between Closed-Loop Transient and Open-Loop Frequency Responses

10.12 Steady-State Error Characteristics from Frequency Response

10.13 Systems with Time Delay

10.14 Obtaining Transfer Functions Experimentally

Summary

Review Questions

Problems

Cyber Exploration Laboratory

Bibliography

11. DESIGN VIA FREQUENCY RESPONSE

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Transient Response via Gain Adjustment

11.3 Lag Compensation

11.4 Lead Compensation

11.5 Lag-Lead Compensation

Summary

Review Questions

Problems

Cyber Exploration Laboratory

Bibliography

12. DESIGN VIA STATE SPACE

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Controller Design

12.3 Controllability

12.4 Alternative Approaches to Controller Design

12.5 Observer Design

12.6 Observability

12.7 Alternative Approaches to Observer Design

12.8 Steady-State Error Design via Integral Control

Summary

Review Questions

Problems

Cyber Exploration Laboratory

Bibliography

13. DIGITAL CONTROL SYSTEMS

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Modeling the Digital Computer

13.3 The z-Transform

13.4 Transfer Functions

13.5 Block Diagram Reduction

13.6 Stability

13.7 Steady-State Errors

13.8 Transient Response on the z-Plane

13.9 Gain Design on the z-Plane

13.10 Cascade Compensation via the s-Plane

13.11 Implementing the Digital Compensator

Summary

Review Questions

Problems

Cyber Exploration Laboratory

Bibliography

14. OPTIMAL CONTROL SYSTEMS (Available Online)

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Performance Indices

14.3 Optimal …