Moving Toward Nonanimal Approaches in Medical Research and Testing

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Moving Toward Nonanimal Approaches in Medical Research and Testing pioneers a single-source guide for researchers regarding nonanimal research tools and methodology, funding opportunities for nonanimal studies, advocacy for regulatory change regarding approval of human therapeutics through nonanimal studies, and how to overcome the publication bias against nonanimal studies. This book is presented in three parts: 1) historical, ethical, legislative, regulatory, and scientific contexts to animal-based research and testing, 2) the latest advances in nonanimal tools and methods for research and testing of human therapeutics, and 3) achieving a practical shift toward nonanimal-based research and testing requirements. This book, primarily directed to researchers in biomedicine and human medical therapeutics, will also appeal to researchers in industry, providing overview and insights about the latest applications of nonanimal research tools and methods. Clinicians who wish to understand the methods and reliability of nonanimal versus animal-tested therapeutics as well as advocacy groups seeking to present up-to-date understanding of the reliability of animal versus nonanimal testing methods will also find significant value in this text. Finally, regulators and those involved in regulatory review and legislative oversight will benefit from this single comprehensive source for developing a basic understanding of nonanimal research and human safety.

Contenu

PART 1: THE NEED TO MOVE AWAY FROM ANIMAL-BASED RESEARCH AND TESTING: HISTORICAL, ETHICAL, LEGISLATIVE, AND SCIENTIFIC CONTEXT

1. Philosophical and religious foundations of animal-based research
2. Legislative history of animal-based research
3. Lack of reliability, validity, translatability of animal-based research
4. Animal, financial, and human costs of animal research
5. The individual and systemic preference for animal-based methods: Animal methods bias in publishing and funding

PART 2: ADVANCES IN NONANIMAL METHODS FOR RESEARCH AND TESTING

6. Organoids
7. Microphysiological systems
8. In Silico modeling, supercomputing
9. Bioprinting
10. Other potential topics
11. Human subjects as alternatives to animal subjects in medical research

PART 3: ACHIEVING A PRACTICAL SHIFT TOWARD NONANIMAL-BASED RESEARCH AND TESTING

12. Mitigation efforts in the United States: Overcoming the inertia against nonanimal research
13. International Mitigation efforts: Overcoming the inertia against nonanimal research
14. The industry perspective
15. Getting grants for nonanimal studies
16. Publishing nonanimal studies
17. Building trust in nonanimal methods through standardization, validation, benchmarking, reporting