Graphite Fibers and Filaments

This book was begun after three of the present authors gave a series of in vited talks on the subject of the structure and properties of carbon filaments. This was at a conference on the subject of optical obscuration, for which submicrometer diameter filaments with high length-to-diameter ratios have potential applications. The audience response to these talks illustrated the need of just one scientific community for a broader knowledge of the struc ture and properties of these interesting materials. Following the conference it was decided to expand the material presented in the conference proceedings. The aim was to include in a single volume a description of the physical properties of carbon fibers and filaments. The research papers on this topic are spread widely in the literature and are found in a broad assortment of physics, chemistry, materials science and engineering and polymer science journals and conference proceedings (some of which are obscure). Accordingly, our goal was to produce a book on the subject which would enable students and other researchers working in the field to gain an overview of the subject up to about 1987.

Texte du rabat

This book on carbon fiber research is designed to initiate graduate students into the field and for use by professionals already working in it. The coverage is comprehensive and emphasizes topics of particular interest to physicists and materials scientists. This book is written from the point of view of the basic science underlying the structure and properties of carbon fibers. Emphasis is given to those analytical techniques which have been successfully applied to bulk graphite and are now being applied to the study of carbon fibers. The book specifically considers the preparation, microstructure and defects, electronic structure, lattice, thermal, mechanical, magnetic, electrical and high temperature properties of carbon fibers, together with modifications induced by intercalation and ion implantation, and finishes with a brief discussion of applications. Over 500 references are included which are chosen as much as possible from the recent literature.

Contenu

1. Introductory Material on Graphite Fibers and Filaments.- 1.1 Introductory Discussion of Structure of Carbon Filaments.- 2. Synthesis of Graphite Fibers and Filaments.- 2.1 Carbon Fibers from Polymeric Precursors.- 2.2 Carbon Filaments by CCVD.- 2.3 Carbon-Coated Filaments.- 2.4 Filaments Prepared from Carbon Arcs.- 2.5 Synthesis by Ion Bombardment.- 3. Structure.- 3.1 Graphite and Its Defect Structures.- 3.2 Structure of Fibers and Filaments.- 3.3 Density.- 3.4 X-Ray Diffraction.- 3.5 Small Angle Scattering.- 3.6 Optical Microscopy.- 3.7 Electron Microscopy.- 3.8 Other Spectroscopies.- 3.9 Other Characterization Techniques.- 4. Lattice Properties.- 4.1 Elastic Parameters of Single Crystal Graphite.- 4.2 Lattice Dynamics of Single Crystal Graphite.- 4.3 Models for the Elastic and Lattice Properties of Fibers.- 4.4 Raman Effect for Single Crystal Graphite.- 4.5 Raman Effect in Disordered Carbons.- 4.6 Photoconductivity in Graphite Fibers.- 5. Thermal Properties.- 5.1 Specific Heat.- 5.2 Thermal Expansion.- 5.3 Thermal Conductivity.- 6. Mechanical Properties.- 6.1 Elastic Parameters.- 6.2 Fracture, Stress and Strain.- 6.3 Mechanical Properties of CCVD Fibers.- 7. Electronic Structure.- 7.1 Introduction and Overview.- 7.2 The Slonczewski-Weiss Model for Graphite.- 7.3 Electronic Structure in a Magnetic Field.- 8. Electronic and Magnetic Properties.- 8.1 Diamagnetism.- 8.2 Electron Spin Resonance.- 8.3 Electrical Resistivity.- 8.4 Magnetoresistance.- 8.5 Hall Effect.- 8.6 Thermoelectric Power of Benzene-Derived Carbon Fibers.- 8.7 Piezoresistance and the Effect of Hydrostatic Pressure.- 8.8 Non-ohmic Behavior.- 8.9 Electrical Noise.- 9. High Temperature Properties.- 9.1 High Temperature Thermal Properties.- 9.2 High Temperature Resistivity.- 9.3 High Temperature Mechanical Properties.- 9.4 Oxidation Resistance.- 10. Intercalation of Graphite Fibers and Filaments.- 10.1 Structural Order and Intercalation.- 10.2 Structure and Staging.- 10.3 Lattice Properties.- 10.4 Electrical Transport Properties.- 10.5 Thermal Transport Properties.- 10.6 Thermopower.- 10.7 Mechanical Properties.- 10.8 Exfoliation.- 11. Ion Implantation of Graphite Fibers and Filaments.- 11.1 The Ion Implantation Process.- 11.2 Application to Carbon Fibers.- 11.3 Implantation-Induced Structural Modifications.- 12. Applications of Graphite Fibers and Filaments.- 12.1 Economic Considerations.- 12.2 Structural Applications of Composites.- 12.3 Electrical Applications for Carbon Fibers.- 12.4 Thermal Applications.- 12.5 Nuclear Reactor Applications.- 12.6 Optical Applications.- 12.7 Applications for Intercalated Carbon Fibers.- 12.8 Batteries and Other Electrochemical Applications.- 12.9 Medical Applications.- References.