Beyond the International Space Station: The Future of Human Spaceflight

Y. Fujimori, Symposium Programme Committee Chair, and Faculty Member, International Space University e-mail: fujimori@isu. isunet. edu M. Rycroft, Faculty Member, International Space University e-mail: rycroft@isu. isunet. edu Building on the foundations provided by the International Space Station, now partially constructed and already in use in low Earth orbit, what will be the future directions of human spaceflight? This was the key question discussed from many viewpoints - technical, entrepreneurial, governmental, legal - at the seventh Annual Symposium held in Strasbourg, France, early in June 2002. Many ideas on the "whys" and the "hows" of our future exploration of the final frontier were put forward in a stimulating environment. The unique perspective of the International Space University (ISU) - namely an interdisciplinary, international and intercultural perspective - enhanced both the presentations and the discussions. More than 150 people attended the Symposium, including the current members of the Master of Space Studies class who are attending an 11 month course at ISU. They are young professionals and postgraduate students who develop in-depth some part of the broad Symposium theme in their parallel Team Projects. Their final reports will be completed at the end of July 2002, and will be published independently. 1 Beyond the ISS: The Future of Human Spaceflight Keynote Address: A Summary The Need for a New Vision E. Vallerani, Advanced Logistic Technology Engineering Center, The Italian Gateway to the ISS, Corso Marche 79, Torino 10146, Italy e-mail: vallerani. ernesto@spacegate-altec.

Contenu
Keynote Address: A Summary The Need for a New Vision.- Opening Session The Big Picture.- Once, We Went to the Moon.- The Exploration and Development of Space: The International Space Station and Beyond.- Some in Power, Some in Pain: A Symphonic Meditation on Humanity and Space.- The Right Staff: The Human Component for Long-term Spaceflight.- Session 1 Learning from the Past, Planning for the Future Session.- Structuring Future International Cooperation: Learning from the ISS.- The Future of Human Spaceflight in Japan.- The Future of Human Spaceflight as a Planning Challenge.- Commercial Astronaut Missions to the ISS: From Concepts to Implementation.- Aurora: The Dawn of European Human and Robotic Planetary Exploration.- Report on Panel Discussion 1 Learning From the Past, Planning for the Future.- Session 2 Enabling Technologies.- The Operations Requirements of Deep Space Manned Missions.- Reusable Launch Vehicles from a European Point of View.- Robotics in Support of Human Space Exploration: A Canadian Perspective.- Greenhouse: A Strategic Element to Support Humans in Space.- An Integrated System of Medical Support for Space Exploration by Humans.- Report on Panel Discussion 2 Enabling Technologies.- Session 3 Providing the Infrastructure.- Frequently Visited Space Bases for Future Human Space Programs.- Future Spacecraft Design Based on the Experience of the Japanese Experiment Module Aboard the ISS.- Candidate Architectures for a European Mission to Mars.- Preparing for Passenger Space Travel, the Future of Human Spaceflight.- Report on Panel Discussion 3 Providing the Infrastructure.- Session 4 Exploration and Science.- Public Outreach: Garnering Support for Future Human Space Exploration.- Future Trends in Human Spaceflight: A Global Survey.- Proposal for a Visited High-latitude Multi-purpose Space Station (MPSS).- ESA Roadmap for the Search for Life and Human Space Exploration.- Below the Surface, Life among the Stars.- Report on Panel Discussion 4 Exploration and Science.- Session 5 Space for Entrepreneurs and Tourists.- The Role of the Private Sector/Entrepreneur in Future Human Space Exploration.- Economic and Technical Evaluation of Suborbital Spaceflight for Space Tourism.- Space Tourism from Dream to Reality.- Space for Entrepreneurs and Tourists: Some Legal Issues.- Lessons Learned: Industrial Utilization of the ISS is Feasible the German Industrial Utilization Preparation Programme.- Report on Panel Discussion 5 Space for Entrepreneurs and Tourists.- Session 6 Discussion Groups.- Report on Discussion Group 1 Learning from the Past, Planning for the Future.- Report on Discussion Group 2 Enabling Technologies.- Report on Discussion Group 3 Providing the Infrastructure.- Report on Discussion Group 4 Exploration and Science.- Report on Discussion Group 5 Space for Entrepreneurs and Tourists.- Report on Panel Discussion 6 Wrap Up Session in Plenary: Questions and Answers.- Poster Papers.- The Future of Human Missions to Mars.- Mars Outposts: Closing the Robotic-Human Gap.- Internet-based Project Management for Human Spaceflight Missions.- Robotic Precursors for Post-ISS Human Missions.- The Impact of Intercultural Issues on the Future of Human Spaceflight.- European Automated Transfer Vehicles, in Support of Human Spaceflight: Present and Future.- A Manned Asteroid Mission, a Prelude to a Manned Mars Programme.- The Switchable Hotel.- A Historical Perspective on the Return to the Moon.- Study of the Effects of Microgravity on Visual Illusions.- Future and Available Space Platforms for Scientific Research.-Marsbase: A Simulation Showing the Development of Crewed Bases on Mars.- Long-term Life-support Systems.- Commercial Use of Onboard Resources for Future Manned Space Stations.- Some Trends and Perspectives of Manned Cosmonautics.- Influence of Market Trends on Partnerships for Manned Spaceflight.- Commercial Food Production for Space Tourists and Employees.- Physical Disability in the Microgravity Environment: Factors for Consideration in the Human Spinal Cord Injury Model.- US Democracy as the Model for the Next New World: Forming an Even More Perfect Union in Outer Space.- Research on Thermal Protection Technologies for Manned Space Vehicles.- Symposium Summary.