Aerogels for Energy Saving and Storage

Explore the energy storage applications of a wide variety of aerogels made from different materialsIn Aerogels for Energy Saving and Storage, an expert team of researchers delivers a one-stop resource covering the state-of-the-art in aerogels for energy applications. The book covers their morphology, properties, and processability and serves as a valuable resource for researchers and professionals working in materials science and environmentally friendly energy and power technology.The authors offer a comprehensive review of highly efficient energy applications of aerogels that bridges the gap between engineering, science, and chemistry and advances the field of materials development. They provide a Life Cycle Assessment of aerogels in energy systems, as well as discussions of their impact on the environment. Aerogel synthesis, characterization, fabrication, morphology, properties, energy-related applications, and simulations are all explored, and likely future research directions are provided.Readers will also find: A thorough introduction to aerogels in energy, including state-of-the-art advancements and challenges newly encountered Comprehensive explorations of chitin-based and cellulose-derived aerogels, as well as lignin-, clay-, and carbon nanotube-based aerogels Practical discussions of organic, natural, and inorganic aerogels, with further analyses of the lifecycle of aerogels In-depth examinations of the theory, modeling, and simulation of aerogels Perfect for chemical and environmental engineers, Aerogels for Energy Saving and Storage will also earn a place in the libraries of chemistry and materials science researchers in academia and industry.

Auteur

Meldin Mathew, is a Research Scholar at Mahatma Gandhi University in Kottayam, Kerala, India. Hanna J. Maria, PhD, is a Post-Doctoral Fellow at Mahatma Gandhi University in Kottayam, Kerala, India. Ange Nzihou, PhD, is Director of the RAPSODEE Research Center under the Joint Research Units of the French National Center for Scientific Research in Albi, France. Sabu Thomas, PhD, is Vice Chancellor of Mahatma Gandhi University in Kottayam, Kerala, India.

Contenu

List of Contributors xv

Preface xix

1 The History, Physical Properties, and Energy-Related Applications of Aerogels 1
Ai Du and Chengbin Wu

1.1 Definition and History of the Aerogels 1

1.2 The Physics Properties of the Aerogels 5

1.3 Energy-Related Aerogel Applications 16

1.4 Prospects 19

References 21

2 Aerogels and Their Composites in Energy Generation and Conversion Devices 38
Juno A. Rose, Aruchamy Kanakaraj, and Nataraj Sanna Kotrappanavar

2.1 Introduction to Aerogels 38

2.2 Strategies for Development of Aerogel Materials 40

2.3 Chemistry and Mechanisms of Aerogels Formation 44

2.4 Drying Techniques 46

2.5 Properties and Characterization 48

2.6 Applications of Aerogel in Energy Storage and Energy Saving 48

2.7 Summary and Future Prospects 57

Acknowledgments 57

References 58

3 Metal Aerogels for Energy Storage and Conversion 61
Ran Du

3.1 Introduction of Metal Aerogels 61

3.2 Characterizations 63

3.3 Synthesis Methodologies 65

3.4 Energy-Related Applications 77

3.5 Conclusions 86

References 86

4 Aerogels Using Polymer Composites 90
Wei Fan, Jin Tian, and Tianxi Liu

4.1 Introduction 90

4.2 Preparation of Polymer-Based Aerogels 92

4.3 Several Common Polymer Aerogels and Their Composites 98

4.4 Applications of Polymer Aerogel Composites 108

4.5 Conclusions and Outlook 119

References 120

5 Epoxide Related Aerogels; Sol-Gel Synthesis, Property Studies and Energy Applications 128
Mahmoud Khalil and Houssam El-Rassy

5.1 Overview of Epoxide Aerogels 128

5.2 Synthesis and Drying Technique 130

5.3 Epoxide-assisted Aerogels 139

5.4 Aerogels Properties and Characterization 145

5.5 Some Applications and Examples 158

5.6 Summary 161

References 161

6 CNT-Based Aerogels and Their Applications 169
Zili Li and Zhiqun Lin

6.1 Introduction 169

6.2 The Fundamental Principle of Preparing CNT-based Aerogels 170

6.3 Strategies for Preparation of CNT-based Aerogels 171

6.4 Applications 180

6.5 Conclusions and Perspectives 189

References 189

7 Silica-Based Aerogels for Building Transparent Components 197
Cinzia Buratti, Elisa Belloni, Francesca Merli, Costanza Vittoria Fiorini, Piergiovanni Domenighini, and Michele Zinzi

7.1 Introduction 197

7.2 Silica Aerogels Production 197

7.3 Silica Aerogel Properties 204

7.4 Energy Performance of Silica Aerogels in Buildings 216

7.5 Applications 226

7.6 Conclusions 228

7.7 Outlook 229

References 230

8 Inorganic Aerogels and Their Composites for Thermal Insulation in White Goods 237
Özge Payanda Konuk, Orçun Yücel, and Can Erkey

8.1 Introduction 237

8.2 Heat Transfer Mechanisms in Aerogels 245

8.3 Inorganic Aerogels and Their Composites in White Goods 254

8.4 Conclusions 261

References 261

9 Natural Polymer-Based Aerogels for Filtration Applications 267
Mahaveer A. Halakarni, M. Manohara Halanur, and Sanna Kotrappanavar Nataraj

9.1 Introduction 267

9.2 Material Option for the Preparation of Aerogel 269

9.3 Application of Aerogels in Water Purification 271

9.4 Conclusion and Future Prospect 282

Acknowledgments 282

References 282

10 Organic and Carbon Aerogels 291
Marina Schwan and Barbara Milow

10.1 Introduction 291

10.2 Overview on Organic Aerogels 293

10.3 Application of Organic Aerogels for Energy Saving 305

10.4 Overview on Organic-based Carbon Aerogels 308

10.5 Applications of Organic-Based Carbon Aerogels for Energy Saving and Storage 313

10.6 Summary and Outlook 319

References 319

11 Carbonaceous Aerogels for Fuel Cells and Supercapacitors 331
Meryem Samanc and Ay e Bayrakçeken Yurtcan

11.1 Introduction 331

11.2 Carbonaceous Materials 332

11.3 Carbonaceous Aerogels 335

11.4 Fuel Cells 342

11.5 Supercapacitors 351

11.6 Conclusions 373

References 374

12 Aerogels for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Production 386
Arun Prasad Murthy

12.1 Introduction 386

12.2 Application of Aerogels in Hydrogen Evolution Reaction 389

12.3 Application of Aerogels in Oxygen Evolution Reaction 395

12.4 Application of Aerogels for Overall Water Splitting 399

12.5 Concluding Remarks 402

References 403

13 Clay-Based Aerogel Composites 407
Basim Abu-Jdayil, Bilkis Ajiwokewu, Safa Ahmed, and Saheed Busura

13.1 Introduction 407

13.2 Synthesis Techniques of Clay Aerogels Composites 410

13.3 Properties of Clay Aerogels 411

13.4 Enhancement Techniques of Clay Aerogels 418

13.5 Applications and Integration Techniques of Clay Aerogel Composites 424

13.6 Economy and Limitations of Clay Aerogel and Composites 424

13.7 Future Direction of Research 425

13.8 Conclusions 426

References 426

14 Hybrid Aerogels for Energy Saving Applications 430
Nilay Gizli and Selay Sert Çok

14.1 Introduction 430

14.2 Silica-Based Hybrid Aerogels 431

14.3 Thermal Properties of Hybrid Aerogels 437

14.4 Hybrid Aerogels in Energy Saving Applications 440

14.5 Conclusion and Future Perspective 440

References 441

15 Porous Graphene-Based Aerogels for Batteries 447
Maryam Hasanpour and Mohammad Hatami

Graphic Abstract 447

15.1 Introduction 448

15.2 Preparation and Synthesized Method for Graphene-Based Aerogel 448

15.3 Application of Graphene-Based Aerogels (GBAs) for Energy Storage Devices 449

15.4 Conclusions 466

References 466

16 Theoretical Modeling of the Thermal and Mechanical Structure-Property Relationships in Aerogels 473
Ameya Rege and Barbara Milow

16.1 Introduction 473

16.2 Modeling the Thermal Structure-Property Relationships…