Language and Computers

Language and Computers introduces students to thefundamentals of how computers are used to represent, process, andorganize textual and spoken information. Concepts are grounded inreal-world examples familiar to students' experiences ofusing language and computers in everyday life.

Informationen zum Autor Markus Dickinson is Assistant Professor at the Department of Linguistics, Indiana University and currently the director of the Computational Linguistics program. His research focuses on improving linguistic annotation for natural language processing technology and automatically analyzing the language of second language learners.Chris Brew is a Senior Research Scientist with the Educational Testing Service in Princeton, where he is currently the scientific lead for the c-rater project on automated short answer grading. He has been active in Natural Language Processing for over 20 years, first in the UK, then as Associate Professor of Linguistics and Computer Science at The Ohio State University, where he co-directed the Speech and Language Technologies Laboratory, as well as the Computational Linguistics Program.Detmar Meurers is Professor of Computational Linguistics and head of the Theoretical Computational Linguistics group at the University of Tübingen. He has a longstanding commitment to teaching Computational Linguistics and Linguistics in a way that combines current technology and research issues with the fundamentals of the field. His research emphasizes the role of linguistic insight and linguistic models in Computational Linguistics. His most recent research adds a focus on theory and applications related to second language acquisition. Klappentext The widening use of computers has powerfully influenced the way people communicate, search and store information. For the majority of individuals and situations, the primary vehicle for such information is natural language, and text and speech are crucial encoding formats for the information revolution.This book introduces students to the fundamentals of how computers are used to represent, process, and organize textual and spoken information. It allows students to effectively understand how the computer works and where the problems arise with the involvement of natural language. Self-contained chapters cover the central analytical concepts and provide students with tips on how to effectively integrate this knowledge into their working practice.The authors ground the concepts and analyses covered in the text in real-world examples familiar to students. Drawing on these examples, the authors teach students how to produce evidence-based analyses and arguments about language. The result is a book that teaches students to generate, justify and argue for valid conclusions about the design, capabilities and behavior of natural language systems. Zusammenfassung Language and Computers introduces students to the fundamentals of how computers are used to represent, process, and organize textual and spoken information. Concepts are grounded in real-world examples familiar to students experiences of using language and computers in everyday life. Inhaltsverzeichnis What This Book Is About xiOverview for Instructors xiiiAcknowledgments xvii1 Prologue : Encoding Language on Computers 11.1 Where do we start? 11.1.1 Encoding language 21.2 Writing systems used for human languages 21.2.1 Alphabetic systems 31.2.2 Syllabic systems 61.2.3 Logographic writing systems 81.2.4 Systems with unusual realization 111.2.5 Relation to language 111.3 Encoding written language 121.3.1 Storing information on a computer 121.3.2 Using bytes to store characters 141.4 Encoding spoken language 171.4.1 The nature of speech 171.4.2 Articulatory properties 181.4.3 Acoustic properties 181.4.4 Measuring speech 20Under the Hood 1: Reading a spectrogram 211.4.5 Relating written and spoken language 24Under the Hood 2: Language modeling for automatic speech recognition 262 Writers' Aids 332.1 Introduction 332.2 Kinds of spelling errors 342.2.1 Nonword errors 352.2.2 Real-word errors 372.3 Spell checkers 382.3.1 Nonword error detection 392.3.2 Isolated-word spelling correction 41Under th...

Auteur
Markus Dickinson is Assistant Professor at the Department of Linguistics, Indiana University and currently the director of the Computational Linguistics program. His research focuses on improving linguistic annotation for natural language processing technology and automatically analyzing the language of second language learners. Chris Brew is a Senior Research Scientist with the Educational Testing Service in Princeton, where he is currently the scientific lead for the c-rater project on automated short answer grading. He has been active in Natural Language Processing for over 20 years, first in the UK, then as Associate Professor of Linguistics and Computer Science at The Ohio State University, where he co-directed the Speech and Language Technologies Laboratory, as well as the Computational Linguistics Program. Detmar Meurers is Professor of Computational Linguistics and head of the Theoretical Computational Linguistics group at the University of Tübingen. He has a longstanding commitment to teaching Computational Linguistics and Linguistics in a way that combines current technology and research issues with the fundamentals of the field. His research emphasizes the role of linguistic insight and linguistic models in Computational Linguistics. His most recent research adds a focus on theory and applications related to second language acquisition.

Texte du rabat
The widening use of computers has powerfully influenced the way people communicate, search and store information. For the majority of individuals and situations, the primary vehicle for such information is natural language, and text and speech are crucial encoding formats for the information revolution. This book introduces students to the fundamentals of how computers are used to represent, process, and organize textual and spoken information. It allows students to effectively understand how the computer works and where the problems arise with the involvement of natural language. Self-contained chapters cover the central analytical concepts and provide students with tips on how to effectively integrate this knowledge into their working practice. The authors ground the concepts and analyses covered in the text in real-world examples familiar to students. Drawing on these examples, the authors teach students how to produce evidence-based analyses and arguments about language. The result is a book that teaches students to generate, justify and argue for valid conclusions about the design, capabilities and behavior of natural language systems.

Résumé
Language and Computers introduces students to the fundamentals of how computers are used to represent, process, and organize textual and spoken information. Concepts are grounded in real-world examples familiar to students experiences of using language and computers in everyday life.

Contenu
What This Book Is About xi Overview for Instructors xiii Acknowledgments xvii 1 Prologue : Encoding Language on Computers 1 1.1 Where do we start? 1 1.1.1 Encoding language 2 1.2 Writing systems used for human languages 2 1.2.1 Alphabetic systems 3 1.2.2 Syllabic systems 6 1.2.3 Logographic writing systems 8 1.2.4 Systems with unusual realization 11 1.2.5 Relation to language 11 1.3 Encoding written language 12 1.3.1 Storing information on a computer 12 1.3.2 Using bytes to store characters 14 1.4 Encoding spoken language 17 1.4.1 The nature of speech 17 1.4.2 Articulatory properties 18 1.4.3 Acoustic properties 18 1.4.4 Measuring speech 20 Under the Hood 1: Reading a spectrogram 21 1.4.5 Relating written and spoken language 24 Under the Hood 2: Language modeling for automatic speech recognition 26 2 Writers' Aids 33 2.1 Introduction 33 2.2 Kinds of spelling errors 34 2.2.1 Nonword errors 35 2.2.2 Real-wo…