Magnetic Control of Tokamak Plasmas

this part is supported by two useful appendices on some of the mathematical tools used and the physical units of plasma physics. State-space models, state observers, H control, and process simulations are some of the familiar techniques used by ? the authors to meet the demanding spatial control specifications for these processes; however, the research reported in the monograph is more that just simulation studies and proposals for possible future hypothetical controllers, for the authors have worked with some of the world's leading existing tokamak facilities. Chapter 5, 8, and 9 respectively, give practical results of implementations of their control schemes on the FTU Tokamak (Italy), the TCV Tokamak (Switzerland), and the JET Tokamak (United Kingdom). Additionally, the authors present simulation results of their ideas for the control of the new tokamak proposed for the ITER project. In conclusion, being very aware that most control engineers will not be conversant with the complexities of tokamak nuclear fusion reactor control, the authors have taken special care to give a useful introduction to the background of nuclear fusion, the science of plasma physics and appropriate models in the first part of the monograph (Chapters 1 to 3). This introduction is followed by six chapters (4 to 9) of control studies. In Chapter 4, the generic control problem is established and then five case study chapters follow.

Auteur

Alfredo Pironti was born in Napoli, Italy in 1966. He received the Laurea degree cum Laude in Electronic Engineering, and the PhD in Electronic and Computing Engineering from the University of Naples Federico II in 1991 and 1995, respectively. Since 1991 he is with the Dipartimento di Informatica e Sistemistica of the University of Naples, where he currently is Associate Professor of System Theory. He has spent several periods as visiting researcher at the Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics in Garching (Germany), the Center for Control Engineering and Computation (University of California at Santa Barbara), and at the ITER Joint Work Site of Naka (Japan). His research interests include robust control of uncertain systems, and the application of feedback control to nuclear fusion problems. He was guest-editor of the October 2005 issue of IEEE Control Systems Magazine, a special issue dedicated to the control of tokamak plasmas. Marco Ariola is an Associate Professor at the University of Naples Parthenope in the Technology Department. From September 1998 to February 1999, he was a Visiting Scholar with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering of University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA. His research interests include statistical control, robust control, control of communication networks, control of nuclear fusion devices, control of aerospace systems. He was a member of the International Program Committee of the 42nd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control held in December 2003. He has published about 90 journal papers, conference papers, articles in books and encyclopedias.

Texte du rabat

The main topic of this monograph is the design of a feedback control system for magnetic fields to guarantee the plasma equilibrium inside a tokamak with a prescribed position and shape. Modelling and control details are presented, allowing the non-expert to understand the control problem. Starting from equations of magneto-hydro-dynamics, all the steps needed for the derivation of plasma state-space models are enumerated. The basics of electromagnetics are frequently recalled. The control problem is then described beginning with control of current and position - vertical and radial - and progressing to more challenging shape control. The solutions proposed vary from simple PIDS to more sophisticated MIMO controllers. Wherever possible, the various topics are rounded out with results obtained through the authors' contributions to experiments with actual tokamaks. Mathematical details which are outside the normal province of control engineers are presented in an appendix for the interested reader. TOC:Introduction.- Part I: Plasma Modelling.- Plasma Modelling for Magnetic Control.- The Plasma Boundary and Its Identification.- Part II: Plasma Control.- Plasma Magnetic Control Problem.- Plasma Position and Current Control at FTU.- Plasma Vertical Stabilization.- Plasma Shape Control at ITER.- Plasma Shape Control at TCV.- Plasma Shape Control at JET.- Appendices: Some Mathematical Background; Units Used in Plasma Physics.

Résumé
Tokamaks are a leading candidate for solving the nuclear fusion problem of confining a plasma with sufficiently high density and temperature. This book offers a current and comprehensive treatment of control in tokamak-generated magnetic fields.

Contenu
Introduction.- Part I: Plasma Modelling.- Plasma Modelling for Magnetic Control.- The Plasma Boundary and Its Identification.- Part II: Plasma Control.- Plasma Magnetic Control Problem.- Plasma Position and Current Control at FTU.- Plasma Vertical Stabilization.- Plasma Shape Control at ITER.- Plasma Shape Control at TCV.- Plasma Shape Control at JET.- Appendices: Some Mathematical Background; Units Used in Plasma Physics.