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THE PERFECT GUIDE TO FLAT PANEL DISPLAYS FOR RESEARCHERS AND INDUSTRY PERSONNEL ALIKE
Introduction to Flat Panel Displays, 2nd Edition is the leading introductory reference to state-of-the-art flat panel display technologies. The 2nd edition has been newly updated to include the latest developments for high pixel resolution support, high brightness, improved contrast settings, and low power consumption. The 2nd edition has also been updated to include the latest developments of head-mounted displays for virtual and augmented reality applications.
Introduction to Flat Panel Displays introduces and updates both the fundamental physics and materials concepts underlying flat panel display technology and their application to smart phones, ultra-high definitions TVs, computers, and virtual and augmented reality systems.
The book includes new information on quantum-dot enhanced LCDs, device configurations and performance, and nitrate-based LEDs. The authors also provide updates on technologies like:
The perfect reference for graduate students and new entrants to the display industry, Introduction to Flat Panel Displays offers problem and homework sets at the end of each chapter to measure retention and learning.
Auteur
Series Editor: Ian Sage, Abelian Services, Malvern, UK Jiun-Haw Lee, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
Jiun-Haw Lee received his Ph.D. in electrical engineering in from the National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. From 2000 to 2003, Dr Lee was a director at the RiTdisplay Corporation, before joining the faculty of National Taiwan University in the Graduate Institute of Electro-optical Engineering and the Department of Electrical Engineering, where he is currently an associate professor. His research interests include organic light emitting device (OLED), display technologies, and solid-state lighting.
I-Chun Cheng, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
Dr. Cheng received a Ph.D. in electrical engineering from Princeton University in 2004. Following her degree, she became a postdoctoral research associate at Princeton University. She joined the faculty of National Taiwan University in 2007, where she is currently an associate professor at the Department of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics. She has primarily worked in the field of metal oxide semiconductor thin-film device technology, photoelectrochemical solar cells and flexible large-area electronics.
Hong Hua, University of Arizona, USA
Dr. Hua is currently a Full Professor with the College of Optical Sciences (OSC) and joint faculty with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Department of Computer Science at the University of Arizona. Dr. Hong Hua received her Ph.D. degree in optical engineering from Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), Beijing, China, in 1999, with the dissertation titled Techniques of Immersion Enhancement and Interaction for Virtual Reality (with honor). She received her B.S. in optical engineering and Minor B.S. degree in computer science from BIT in 1994.
Shin-Tson Wu, University of Central Florida, USA Prior to joining UCF in 2001, Dr. Wu was with Hughes Research Laboratories (Malibu, California) where the first laser was invented. He received his Ph.D. in Laser Physics from the University of Southern California. His research at UCF focuses in Advanced displays, including quantum dots and sunlight readable LCDs and OLEDs; wearable displays including augmented reality and virtual reality; adaptive lenses; spatial light modulators and biosensors. Dr. Wu is a Charter Fellow of the National Academy of Inventors and one of the first six inductees of the Florida Inventors Hall of Fame.
Contenu
Series Editor's Foreword xiii
1 Flat Panel Displays 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Emissive and non-emissive Displays 4
1.3 Display Specifications 4
1.3.1 Physical Parameters 5
1.3.2 Brightness and Color 7
1.3.3 Contrast Ratio 8
1.3.4 Spatial and Temporal Characteristics 8
1.3.5 Efficiency and Power Consumption 9
1.3.6 Flexible Displays 9
1.4 Applications of Flat Panel Displays 9
1.4.1 Liquid Crystal Displays 10
1.4.2 Light-Emitting Diodes 10
1.4.3 Organic Light-Emitting Devices 11
1.4.4 Reflective Displays 11
1.4.5 Head-Mounted Displays 12
1.4.6 Touch Panel Technologies 12
References 13
2 Color Science and Engineering 15
2.1 Introduction 15
2.2 Photometry 16
2.3 The Eye 18
2.4 Colorimetry 22
2.4.1 Trichromatic Space 22
2.4.2 CIE 1931 Colormetric Observer 24
2.4.3 CIE 1976 Uniform Color System 27
2.4.4 CIECAM 02 Color Appearance Model 30
2.4.5 Color Gamut 31
2.4.6 Light Sources 32
2.4.6.1 Sunlight and Blackbody Radiators 32
2.4.6.2 Light Sources for Transmissive, Reflective, and Projection Displays 33
2.4.6.3 Color Rendering Index 34
2.5 Production and Reproduction of Colors 34
2.6 Display Measurements 35
Homework Problems 36
References 36
3 Thin Film Transistors 39
3.1 Introduction 39
3.2 Basic Concepts of Crystalline Semiconductor Materials 39
3.2.1 Band Structure of Crystalline Semiconductors 40
3.2.2 Intrinsic and Extrinsic Semiconductors 43
3.3 Classification of Silicon Materials 46
3.4 Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon (a-Si:H) 46
3.4.1 Electronic Structure of a:Si-H 47
3.4.2 Carrier Transport in a-Si:H 48
3.4.3 Fabrication of a-Si:H 48
3.5 Polycrystalline Silicon 49
3.5.1 Carrier Transport in Polycrystalline Silicon 49
3.5.2 Fabrication of Polycrystalline-Silicon 50
3.6 Thin-Film Transistors 52
3.6.1 Fundamentals of TFTs 52
3.6.2 a-Si:H TFTs 55
3.6.3 Poly-Si TFTs 55
3.6.4 Organic TFTs 56
3.6.5 Oxide Semiconductor TFTs 57
3.6.6 Flexible TFT Technology 59
3.7 PM and AM Driving Schemes 61
Homework Problems 67
References 67
4 Liquid Crystal Displays 71
4.1 Introduction 71
4.2 Transmissive LCDs 72
4.3 Liquid Crystal Materials 74
4.3.1 Phase Transition Temperatures 75
4.3.2 Eutectic Mixtures 75
4.3.3 Dielectric Constants 77
4.3.4 Elastic Constants 78
4.3.5 Rotational Viscosity 79
4.3.6 Optical Properties 80
4.3.7 Refractive Indices 80
4.3.7.1 Wavelength Effect 80
4.3.7.2 Temperature Effect 82
4.4 Liquid Crystal Alignment 83
4.5 Homogeneous Cell 84
4.5.1 Phase Retardation Effect 85
4.5.2 Voltage Dependent Transmittance 86
4.6 Twisted Nematic (TN) 87
4.6.1 Optical Transmittance 87
4.6.2 Viewing Angle 89
4.6.3 Film-Compensated TN 90
4.7 In-Plane Switching (IPS) 91
4.7.1 Device Structure 92
4.7.2 Voltage-Dependent Transmittance 92
4.7.3 Viewing Angle 92
4.7.4 Phase Compensation Films 93
4.8 Fringe Field Switching (FFS) 95
4.8.1 Device Configurations 95
4.8.2 n-FFS versus p-FFS 96
4.9 Vertical Alignment (VA) 98
4.9.1 Voltage-Dependent Transmittance 98
4.9.2 Response Time 99
4.9.3 Overdrive and Undershoot Addressing 101
4.9.4 Multi-domain Vertical Alignment (MVA) 102
4.10 Ambient Contrast Ratio 103
4.10.1 Modeling of Ambient Contrast Ratio 103
4.10.2 Ambient Contrast Ratio of LCD 103
4.10.3 Ambient Contrast Ratio of OLED 104
4.10.4 Simulated ACR for Mobile Displays 105
4.10.5 Simulated ACR for TVs 105
4.10.6 Simulated Ambient Isocontrast Contour 106
4.10.6.1 Mobile Displays 106
4.10.6.2 Large-Sized TVs 108
4.10.7 Improving LCD's ACR 109
4.10.8 Improving OLED's ACR 110
4.11 Motion Picture Response Time (MPRT) 112
4.12 Wide Color Gamut 114
4.12.1 Material Synthesis and Characterizations 115
4.12.2 Device Configurations 116
4.13 High Dynamic Range 118 …