The Illustrated History of Natural Disasters

This book tells the story of the Earth itself, explaining the interplay of its gradual geologi- levolution, presented as a generally slow and safe process, with the sudden manifestations of natural hazards, which involve disasters that affect the environment and lead to huge material damage and human losses. The natural forces at play, whether they are violent explosions ofvolcanic eruptions or almost imperceptible deformations of subsurface rock strata, nally- sulting in devastating earthquakes, all control the existence and destiny of a certain part of the global population. The development of man's existence down through history has depended upon his understanding of the world in which he lives, and upon his ability to turn to his own best use the materials that were there for the taking. However, he has had not only to furnish himself with food, water, building materials, and energy to protect himself against occasional natural adversities. Protecting himself from them meant comprehending their causes, and the essential core of his understanding was in recording and depicting them. This book is written for anyone interested in the Earth in general, and in natural disasters in particular, presenting a unique collection of historical illustrations of volcanic eruptions and earthquake events and their repercussions. The book represents a golden mean between sci- ti c and popular works.

Portrays natural disasters (earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions etc.) and covers many parts of the world throughout centuries Contains about 130 unique historic illustrations picture natural catastrophes and their impact on human life and civilisation Presents modern geophysics in an educational and enjoyable way Includes supplementary material: sn.pub/extras

Texte du rabat

This richly illustrated pictorial history of natural disasters has been composed from a large selection of images of a wide variety of sources, mostly private collections. These include reproductions of rare engravings, maps both old and new, sketches, and diagrams. The individual full-page reproductions give historical views on natural disasters, such as earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, avalanches, landslides and rock falls. The illustrations are accompanied by text describing the geophysical and historical background of the disasters, the origin of each of the engravings and stories behind the events.

At the forefront of this book are the fascinating depictions of famous disasters that occurred from the 14th to the 19th centuries. These include those at Basel in 1356, Tokyo in 1650, Constantinople in 1762, as well as the eruption of Etna in 1669 and the San Francisco earthquakes of 1868 and 1909. The authors move on into the era of living memory too, covering a variety of more recent earthquakes with consequences still felt today.

The text of the book goes much further, introducing the reader to the development of the modern view on the dynamical manifestations of the Earth, its structure, and the internal forces that create the conditions for catastrophic events. This is complemented and enriched by maps together with selected larger plates illustrating the early conceptions of the Earth. Finally, the authors present a chronological record of the major milestones in the development of seismology.

This book is valuable not only as a scientific chronicle of natural disasters, but also due to its artistic, cultural and historical merits.

Key themes: history, engravings, natural disasters, earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanoes

Both authors are senior research scientists in the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences. Jan Kozák was originally engaged in laboratory seismology and latermoved to historical studies in seismology and volcanology. In addition to his scientific work, he has been an ardent collector of old prints; within the last 40 years he collected one of the world largest series over 2300 of pre-photographic depictions of earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and tsunamis. Among his 170 publications there are over ten books of pictorial character dealing mostly with the Earth sciences, and also with historical architecture and European history.

Vladimír Cermák is an internationally recognized expert in geothermics, he has coordinated several research programs and convened a number of international symposia and workshops. He pioneered the basic heat flow studies in Europe; he is the author and co-author of several books, atlases and over 200 papers published in various international geological and geophysical journals. V. Cermák served as the Director of the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences (1990-1998), was the Vice-President of the European Geophysical Society (1994-1998), and Chairman of the International Heat Flow Commission of the IASPEI (1995-1999). Currently he is a member of the Academia Europea, German Geophysical Society and American Geophysical Union. He is also the current President of the Czech National Committee of Geodesy and Geophysics.

Contenu
Volcanoes, Earthquakes, and Tsunamis.- Vesuvius-Somma Volcano, Bay of Naples, Italy.- Etna Volcano, Sicily.- Stromboli Volcano, Lipari, Tyrrhenian Sea.- Phleghraean Fields.- Santorin/Thira Volcano, Greece.- Ferdinandea, a New Submarine Volcano.- Volcanism in Iceland.- Pico de Teide, Tenerife Island, Canary Archipelago.- Mount Pelée Volcano, Martinique.- Orizaba Volcano, Mexico.- Jorullo Volcano, Mexico.- Pacaya Volcano, Guatemala.- Cotopaxi Volcano, Ecuador.- Chimborazo Mountain, Ecuador.- Antuco Volcano, Chile.- Kusatsu-Shirane Mt., Japan, 1660s Eruption.- Volcanoes of Indonesia.- Gamkonoro Mt., Moluccas Islands.- Avacha Volcano, Kamchatka, Far East Russia.- Volcanoes of the Hawaiian Archipelago.- Kiyev Earthquake, 1230.- Aix-en-Provence Earthquake, 1708.- Basel Earthquake, 1356.- Rhodes Earthquake, 1481.- Istanbul Earthquake, 1566.- Two Earthquakes at Yedo (Tokyo), Around 1650 (?) and in 1855.- Earthquake at Port Royal (Jamaica), 1692.- Great Lisbon Earthquake of 1755.- Calabrian Earthquakes of 1783 and Later On.- Valona (Albania) Earthquake, 1851.- Zagreb (Agram) Earthquake, Croatia, 1880.- Two Earthquakes in Italy: Ischia 1881 and Casamicciola 1883.- Imperia Earthquake, French/Italian Riviera, 1887.- Earthquake at Shemakha, Azerbaijan, 1902.- Submarine Explosion Near Juan Fernadez Island, Chile, in 1835 (or 1837).- Guadeloupe Earthquake, Antilles, 1843.- San José Earthquake, Costa Rica, 1888.- The 1861 Earthquake at Mendoza, Argentina.- Arequipa/Arica Earthquake (Peru-Chile Border Zone), 1868.- San Salvador Earthquake, Salvador, 1873.- Charleston Earthquake, South Carolina, USA, 1886.- Hayward Earthquake, 1868.- The 1906 Great San Francisco Earthquake.- Two Calabrian Earthquakes, 1905 and 1908.- Milestones of Seismology.