The Iliad

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Homer is the name ascribed by the Ancient Greeks to the semi-legendary author of the two epic poems, the Iliad and the Odyssey, the central works of Greek literature. Many accounts of Homer's life circulated in classical antiquity, the most widespread being that he was a blind bard from Ionia, a region of central coastal Anatolia in present-day Turkey. The importance of Homer to the ancient Greeks is described in Plato's Republic, where he is referred to as the protos didaskalos, "first teacher", of tragedy, the hegemon paideias, "leader of learning" and the one who ten Hellada pepaideuken, "has taught Greece". Homer's works, which are about fifty percent speeches, provided models in persuasive speaking and writing that were emulated throughout the ancient and medieval Greek worlds. Fragments of Homer account for nearly half of all identifiable Greek literary papyrus finds in Egypt.

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The Iliad, attributed to Homer, is an ancient Greek epic poem set during the Trojan War. It revolves around the anger of the Greek hero Achilles, who withdraws from battle due to a dispute with Agamemnon. The narrative explores themes of honor, pride, and the futility of war, with gods intervening in mortal affairs. The poem delves into the consequences of human actions and offers a timeless reflection on heroism and the complexities of the human condition amidst a brutal war.