Higher Plant Cell Respiration

I am honored by the editor's invitation to write a Preface for this volume. As a member of an older generation of plant physiologists, my lineage in plant respiration traces back to F. F. BLACKMAN through the privilege of having M. THOMAS and W. O. JAMES, two of his "students," as my mentors. How the subject has changed in 40 years! In those dark ages B. 14C. most of the information available was hard-won from long-term experiments using the input-output approach. Respiratory changes in response to treatments were measured by laborious gas analysis or by titration of alkali from masses of Pettenkofer tubes; the Warburg respir ometer was just beginning to be used for plant studies by pioneers such as TURNER and ROBERTSON. Nevertheless the classical experiments of BLACKMAN with apples had led to important results on the relations between anaerobic and aerobic carbohydrate utilization and on the climacteric, and to the first explicit concept of respiratory control of respiration imposed by the" organiza tion resistance" of cell structure. THOMAS extended this approach in his investi gations of the Pasteur effect and the induction of aerobic fermentation by poi sons such as cyanide and high concentrations of CO , JAMES began a long 2 series of studies of the partial reactions of respiration in extracts from barley and YEMM'S detailed analysis of carbohydrate components in relation to respira tory changes added an important new dimension.

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With contributions by numerous experts

Contenu
1 Preparation of Plant Mitochondria, Criteria for Assessement of Mitochondrial Integrity and Purity, Survival in Vitro.- 1 Introduction.- 2 General Considerations for the Isolation of Intact Mitochondria.- 3 Large-Scale Preparation of Washed Mitochondria.- 4 Assessment of Mitochondrial Integrity.- 5 Control of Mitochondrial Purity.- 6 Purification of Plant Mitochondria.- 7 Concluding Remarks.- References.- 2 Molecular Organization and Expression of the Mitochondrial Genome of Higher Plants.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Physicochemical Characterization.- 3 Restriction Analysis and Molecular Cloning.- 4 Identified Mitochondrial Genes.- 5 Concluding Remarks.- References.- 3 Plant Mitochondrial Lipids: Structure, Function and Biosynthesis.- 1 Introduction to Lipid Structures.- 2 Composition of Mitochondrial Membranes.- 3 Metabolism.- 4 Functional Aspects of Lipids.- 5 Conclusion.- References.- 4 Plant Mitochondrial Cytochromes.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Cytochrome Estimation.- 3 Mitochondrial Cytochromes in Higher Plants.- 4 Influence of the Membrane Potential on the Redox States of the Mitochondrial Cytochromes.- 5 Miscellany.- 6 Cytochromes in the Respiratory Chain of Higher Plant Mitochondria.- References.- 5 The Outer Membrane of Plant Mitochondria.- 1 Perspective.- 2 Isolation of Mitochondrial Membranes.- 3 Lipid Composition of the Mitochondrial Outer Membrane.- 4 Enzymes of the Mitochondrial Outer Membrane.- 5 Channel-Formers of the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane.- References.- 6 Organization of the Respiratory Chain and Oxidative Phosphorylation.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Organization of Respiratory Components.- 3 Connection Between the Functional Units.- 4 Oxidative Phosphorylation.- References.- 7 The Oxidation of NADH by Plant Mitochondria.- 1 Introduction.- 2 NADH Dehydrogenases Oxidizing Exogenous NADH.- 3 NADH Dehydrogenases Oxidizing Endogenous NADH.- References.- 8 The Cyanide-Resistant Pathway of Plant Mitochondria.- 1 Introduction.- 2 The Measure of Cyanide Resistance.- 3 The Dependence on Respiratory Substrates.- 4 The Inhibition of Electron Transport.- 5 The Link with Energy Transduction.- 6 The Structure of the Alternative Pathway.- 7 The Functional Organization of the Alternative Pathway.- 8 The Alternative Pathway Oxidase.- 9 The Distribution of Electrons Between the Two Pathways.- 10 The Biogenesis of the Alternative Pathway.- 11 The Significance of the Alternative Pathway.- 12 Conclusion.- References.- 9 Membrane Transport Systems of Plant Mitochondria.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Structural and Osmotic Properties.- 3 Techniques of Measuring Transport.- 4 Transport of Inorganic Ions and Acetate.- 5 Transport of Organic Metabolites and Cofactors.- 6 Conclusions.- References.- 10 The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle in Plant Mitochondria: Its Operation and Regulation.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Control.- 3 Fatty Acid Oxidation.- 4 Malate Oxidation: Malate Dehydrogenase or NAD-Malic Enzyme?.- 5 Glycine Oxidation.- 6 Physiological Control of the TCA Cycle.- 7 List of Enzymes.- References.- 11 Leaf Mitochondria (C3 + C4 + CAM).- 1 Introduction.- 2 Effects of Light on Dark Respiration.- 3 Preparation of Leaf Mitochondria.- 4 Properties of Isolated Leaf Mitochondria.- 5 Special Functions of Leaf Mitochondria Role in Photorespiration.- 6 Special Functions of Leaf Mitochondria Role Relative to Decarboxylations in the C4 Cycle.- References.- 12 Starch and Sucrose Degradation.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Properties of Starch and Sucrose.- 3 Degradation of Starch and Sucrose.- 4 Relation Between Carbohydrate Mobilization and Respiration in Various Plant Tissues.- 5General Features of the Control of Carbohydrate Respiration.- References.- 13 The Organization of Glycolysis and the Oxidative Pentose Phosphate Pathway in Plants.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Reactions of Glycolysis.- 3 Reactions of the Oxidative Pentose Phosphate Pathway.- 4 Location and Inter-relationship of Glycolysis and the Oxidative Pentose Phosphate Pathway.- References.- 14 Respiration in Intact Plants and Tissues: Its Regulation and Dependence on Environmental Factors, Metabolism and Invaded Organisms.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Respiration Associated with Growth, Maintenance and Ion Uptake.- 3 Cyanide-Resistant Respiration: Its Distribution and Physiological Significance.- 4 Regulatory Aspects of Respiration in Vivo.- 5 Respiration and Its Relation to Other Aspects of Metabolism.- 6 Respiration and Its Dependence on Environmental Factors.- 7 Respiration and Its Relation to Yield and the Plasticity of the Individual.- 8 Developmental Aspects.- 9 Host-Parasite and Symbiotic Associations.- 10 Concluding Remarks.- References.- Author Index.