Ultracold Quantum Fields

Here is a self-contained introduction to quantum field theory for many-particle systems, using functional methods throughout. It focuses on the behaviour of quantum fluids (quantum gases and liquids), but trapped atomic gases are always used as an example.

On June 19th 1999, the European Ministers of Education signed the Bologna Dec laration, with which they agreed that the European university education should be uniformized throughout Europe and based on the two cycle bachelor master's sys tem. The Institute for Theoretical Physics at Utrecht University quickly responded to this new challenge and created an international master's programme in Theoret ical Physics which started running in the summer of 2000. At present, the master's programme is a so called prestige master at Utrecht University, and it aims at train ing motivated students to become sophisticated researchers in theoretical physics. The programme is built on the philosophy that modern theoretical physics is guided by universal principles that can be applied to any sub?eld of physics. As a result, the basis of the master's programme consists of the obligatory courses Statistical Field Theory and Quantum Field Theory. These focus in particular on the general concepts of quantum ?eld theory, rather than on the wide variety of possible applica tions. These applications are left to optional courses that build upon the ?rm concep tual basis given in the obligatory courses. The subjects of these optional courses in clude, for instance, Strongly Correlated Electrons, Spintronics, Bose Einstein Con densation, The Standard Model, Cosmology, and String Theory.

Describes methods used to address various problems in the field of ultracold atomic gases which are not presently available in any other title The reader will learn the most powerful many-body techniques that are currently available to theoretically describe ultracold atomic gases Written at a level suitable for advanced students and researchers Extensive sets of example problems provided throughout

Texte du rabat

Ultracold Quantum Fields provides a self-contained introduction to quantum field theory for many-particle systems, using functional methods throughout. The general focus is on the behaviour of so-called quantum fluids, i.e., quantum gases and liquids, but trapped atomic gases are always used as an example. Both equilibrium and non-equilibrium phenomena are considered. Firstly, in the equilibrium case, the appropriate Hartree-Fock theory for the properties of a quantum fluid in the normal phase is derived. The focus then turns to the properties in the superfluid phase, and the authors present a microscopic derivation of the Bogoliubov theory of Bose-Einstein condensation and the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory of superconductivity. The former is applicable to trapped bosonic gases such as rubidium, lithium, sodium and hydrogen, and the latter in particular to the fermionic isotope of atomic lithium. In the non-equilibrium case, a few topics are discussed for which a field-theoretical approach is especially suited. Examples are the macroscopic quantum tunnelling of a Bose-Einstein condensate, the phase dynamics of bosonic and fermionic superfluids, and their collisionless collective modes.

The book is based upon the notes for a lecture course in the masters programme in Theoretical Physics at Utrecht.

Contenu
I.- Gaussian Integrals.- Quantum Mechanics.- Statistical physics.- Path Integrals.- Second Quantization.- II.- Functional Integrals.- Interactions and Feynman Diagrams.- Landau Theory of Phase Transitions.- Atomic Physics.- Bose-Einstein Condensation.- Condensation of Fermionic Pairs.- Symmetries and Symmetry Breaking.- Renormalization Group Theory.- III.- Low-Dimensional Systems.- Optical Lattices.- Feshbach Resonances.