Views and Suppositions about the pathogenesis of Cancer

Primary target for carcinogens are determinants of cellular membranes, but not cell's DNA. On the first stage of carcinogenesis (initiation) two normal somatic cells of one organ or tissue may create dikaryons, but in some cases nonviable polykaryocytes. During the perforation of cellular membranes induced by different carcinogenic agents and factors, the total negative charge of plasma membranes decrease and the cells acquire the capability of closely approaching (adhesion), which frequently, especially upon coincidence of the perforated parts, may serve as a prerequisite to fusion process. After synchronous mitosis or simple mechanical assembly of hetero-or homokaryons nuclei, mononuclear hybrid precancerous cells develop, with a tetraploid set of chromosomes on initial stage of hybridization. In addition to the data evidencing the hybrid origin of a cancer cell, this work attempts to answer some important and still unanswered questions of modern oncology.

Auteur

George Gogichadze was born in 1941, in Tbilisi, Georgia. At present he is professor of Tbilisi State Medical University. He is the author of over 210 published scientific works, the absolute majority of which is dedicated to medicine. His scientific works have been published in journals and publishing houses of Georgia and many foreign countries. Their significant part is dedicated to oncovirusology, oncomorphology, tumor growth mechanisms and AIDS development issues.

Échantillon de lecture
PREFACE:
Mankind, in particular its most intellectual stratum - scientists, can deservedly be proud of own progress in fighting some so far incurable infectious diseases, which used to do great harm to humans: smallpox has been liquidated, almost eliminated are Black Death, poliomyelitis; a great progress has been achieved in fighting tuberculosis, etc. At the same time, irrespective of great intellectual efforts and costs, some diseases, including primarily cancer, AIDS and others, are still beyond the human control.
Among the leading factors of science advance are hypotheses and theories, which originate at different stages of development of individual scientific disciplines.
A modern researcher of carcinogenesis is faced with the principal dilemma: he/she must either acknowledge that cancer is caused by completely different in nature agents and factors or try to create a theory, which will incorporate this array of conflicting facts and which make it possible to establish not only the role of a specific agent or factor in the development of cancer but also (most important) the possible mechanism of their action.
In the cancer research there were periods, when the research proceeded under dominance of researchers of different specialities. This rather complex problem was studied first by pathologists, then geneticists, immunologists and virologists. Naturally, such dominance was not of absolute nature. Lately the entire burden of this problem has been assumed by biochemists and molecular biologists. These very specialists are to reveal molecular processes in the cell genome anomaly, which cause the tumor process. From them we should expect the development of such methods which would contribute to curbing the spread of the disease or even to the process of its cure.
Tumors are widely spread in nature, the cancerous growth being one of the main causes of human mortality. Almost all types of multicellular organisms are practically prone to develop various forms of malignant tumors. Cancer (osteosarcomas) has been found in buried aanimals, namely in dinosaurs, which are known to exist long before the origin of man.
A rather alarming trend of tumor growth and "rejuvenation" has been observed lately. The spontaneous development of tumors is also frequently noted in laboratory animals, which makes it possible to study the neoplastic process experimentally.
The discovery of physical and chemical carcinogens has initiated a rather important stage of the theoretical oncology development. Almost all the phases of cancer formation and development are now observable. In general, the development of theoretical oncology is the most enigmatic page of the biological science history.
Experiments to study the cancer development in animals using different tissue irritators (acids, alkalis, etc.) have been running long since. In 1915, K. Yamagiwa and K. Ichikawa successfully induced the first experimental cancer by repeatedly painting coal tar into the skin of rabbit ears. Thereafter, rather potent carcinogenic hydrocarbons were isolated: dibenzantracene, benzpyrene, methylcholanthrene, urethane, etc.
A great number of factors causing tumor transformation undoubtedly essentially reduce a possibility of finding the general cause of cancer and of developing the etiotropic therapy.
Frequently, carcinogens of different nature tend to interact in a synergic action rather than exclude each other. All carcinogens have the like principal signs and properties, which, in certain cases, essentially coincide.
The circumstance that the tumor transformation of a normal cell is not a direct result of the action of a carcinogen, e.g. after irradiation, is seemingly indicative that the true cancer cell originates following a definite sequence of events taking place only at the cell and organoid levels, which requires certain time.
What is a cancer cell? Or what is its essence? At the current stage of development science has no answers to these questi