Fuel Cell Science and Engineering

Fuel cells are expected to play a major role in the future power supply that will transform to renewable, decentralized and fluctuating primary energies. At the same time the share of electric power will continually increase at the expense of thermal and mechanical energy not just in transportation, but also in households.

Auteur
Prof. Detlef Stolten is the Director of the Institute of Energy Research - Fuel Cells at the Research Center Jülich, Germany. Prof Stolten received his doctorate from the University of Technology at Clausthal, Germany. He served many years as a Research Scientist in the laboratories of Robert Bosch and Daimler Benz/Dornier. Since 1998 he has been holding the position of Director at the Research Center Jülich. Two years later he became Professor for Fuel Cell Technology at the University of Technology (RWTH) at Aachen. Prof. Stolten's research focuses on electrochemical energy engineering including electrochemistry and energy process engineering of Electrolysis, SOFC and PEFC systems, i.e. cell and stack technology, process and systems engineering as well as systems analysis. Prof. Stolten is Chairman of the Implementing Agreement Advanced Fuel Cells, member of the board of the International Association of Hydrogen Energy (IAHE) and is on the advisory boards of the German National Organization of Hydrogen and Fuel Cells (NOW), and the journal Fuel Cells. He was chairman of the World Hydrogen Energy Conference 2010 (WHEC 2010). Dr. Bernd Emonts is the Deputy Director of the Institute of Energy Research at the Jülich Research Center, Germany. He received his diploma in structural engineering from the Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Germany, in 1981. He went on to specialize in the fundamentals of mechanical engineering at RWTH Aachen University, Germany and was awarded his PhD in 1989. Working as a scientist, Dr. Emonts has been involved in extensive research and development projects in the areas of catalytic combustion and energy systems with low-temperature fuel cells. Between 1991 and 1994, he concurrently worked as an R & D advisor for a German industrial enterprise in the drying and coating technologies sector. In addition to his scientific activities at Jülich Research Center, Germany, Dr. Emonts lectured at Aachen University of Applied Sciences from 1999 to 2008. Dr. Emonts has published extensively in the field of Fuel Cells.

Contenu
Volume 1 PART I: Technology TECHNICAL ADVANCEMENT OF FUEL-CELL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT Introduction Representative Research Findings for SOFCs Representative Research Findings for HT-PEFCs Representative Research Findings for DMFCs Application and Demonstration in Transportation Fuel Cells for Stationary Applications Special Markets for Fuel Cells Marketable Development Results Conclusion SINGLE-CHAMBER FUEL CELLS Introduction SC-SOFCs SC-SOFC Systems Applications of SC-SOFCs Systems Conclusion TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS OF MOLTEN CARBONATE FUEL CELLS Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells overview Analysis of MCFC Technology Conventional and Innovative Applications Conclusion ALKALINE FUEL CELLS Historical Introduction and Principle Concepts of Alkaline Fuel-Cell Design Concepts Electrolytes and Separators Degradation Carbon Dioxide Behavior Conclusion MICRO FUEL CELLS Introduction Physical Principles of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) Types of Micro Fuel Cells Materials and Manufacturing GDL Optimization Conclusion PRINCIPLES AND TECHNOLOGY OF MICROBIAL FUEL CELLS Introduction Materials and Methods Microbial Catalysts Applications and Proof of Concepts Modeling Outlook and Conclusions MICRO-REACTORS FOR FUEL PROCESSING Introduction Heat and Mass Transfer in Micro-Reactors Specific Features Required from Catalyst Formulations for Microchannel Plate Heat-Exchanger Reactors Heat Management of Microchannel Plate Heat-Exchanger Reactors Examples of Complete Microchannel Fuel Processors Fabrication of Microchannel Plate Heat-Exchanger Reactors REGENERATIVE FUEL CELLS Introduction Principles History Thermodynamics Electrodes Solid Oxide Electrolyte (SOE) System Design and Components Applications and Systems Conclusion and Prospects PART II: Materials and Production Processes ADVANCES IN SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL DEVELOPMENT BETWEEN 1995 AND 2010 AT FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM J¨ULICH GMBH, GERMANY Introduction Advances in Research, Development, and Testing of Single Cells Conclusions SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL ELECTRODE FABRICATION BY INFILTRATION Introduction SOFC and Electrochemical Fundamentals Current Status of Electrodes; Fabrication Methods of Electrodes Electrode Materials Infiltration Conclusion SEALING TECHNOLOGY FOR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS Introduction Sealing Techniques Conclusion PHOSPHORIC ACID, AN ELECTROLYTE FOR FUEL CELLS - TEMPERATURE AND COMPOSITION DEPENDENCE OF VAPOR PRESSURE AND PROTON CONDUCTIVITY Introduction Short Overview of Basic Properties and Formal Considerations Vapor Pressure of Water as a Function of Composition and Temperature Proton Conductivity as a Function of Composition and Temperature Equilibria between the Polyphosphoric Acid Species and "Composition" of Concentrated Phosphoric Acid Conclusion MATERIALS AND COATINGS FOR METALLIC BIPOLAR PLATES IN POLYMER ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANE FUEL CELLS Introduction Metallic Bipolar Plates Discussion and Perspective NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS FOR FUEL CELLS Introduction The Fuel Cell and Its System Triple Phase Boundary Electrodes to Oxidize Hydrogen Membranes to Transport Ions Electrocatalysts to Reduce Oxygen Catalyst Supports to Conduct Electrons Future Directions2 CATALYSIS IN LOW-TEMPERATURE FUEL CELLS - AN OVERVIEW Introduction Electrocatalysis in Fuel Cells Electrocatalyst Degradation Novel Support Materials Catalyst Development, Characterization, and In Situ Studies in Fuel Cells Catalysis in Hydrogen Production for Fuel Cells Perspective PART III: Analytics and Diagnostics IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE FUEL CELLS Introduction Fundamentals Experimental Examples Conclusion POST-TEST CHARACTERIZATION OF SOLID OXIDE FUEL-CELL STACKS Introduction Stack Dissection Conclusion and Outlook IN SITU IMAGING AT LARGE-SCALE FACILITIES Introduction X-Rays and Neutrons Application of In Situ 2D Methods Application of 3D Methods Conclusion ANALYTICS OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF LOW-TEMPERATURE FUEL CELLS Introduction Gravimetric Properties Caloric Properties Structural Information: Porosity Mechanical Properties Conclusion DEGRADATION CAUSED BY DYNAMIC OPERATION AND STARVATION CONDITIONS Introduction Measurement Techniques Dynamic Operation at Standard Conditions Starvation Conditions Mitigation Conclusion PART IV: Quality Assurance QUALITY ASSURANCE FOR CHARACTERIZING LOW-TEMPERATURE FUEL CELLS Introduction Test Procedures/Standardized Measurements Standardized Test Cells Degradation and Lifetime Investigations Design of Experiments in the Field of Fuel-Cell Research METHODOLOGIES FOR FUEL CELL PROCESS ENGINEERING Introduction Verification Methods in Fuel-Cell Process Engineering Analysis Methods in Fuel-Cell Process Engineering Conclusion Volume 2 PART V: Modeling and Simulation 23 MESSAGES FROM ANALYTICAL MODELING OF FUEL CELLS Introduction Modeling of Catalyst Layer Performance Polarization Curve of PEMFCs and HT-PEMFCs Conclusion STOCHASTIC MODELING OF FUEL-CELL COMPONENTS Multi-Layer Model for Paper-Type GDLs Time-Series Model for Non-Woven GDLs Stochastic Network Model for the Pore Phase Further Results Structural Characterization of Porous GDL Conclusion COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMIC SIMULATION USING SUPERCOMPUTER CALCULATION CAPACITY Introduction High-Performance Computing for Fuel Cells HPC-Based CFD Modeling for Fuel-Cell Systems CFD-Based Design Conclusion and Outlook MODELING SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS FROM THE MACROSCALE TO THE NANOSCALE Introduction Governing Equations of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Macroscale SOFC Modeling Mesoscale SOFC Modeling Nanoscale SOFC Modeling Conclusion NUMERICAL MODEL…