Ecosystems of Extremes

This book explores the environmental conditions, particularly the climate and soils, of one of the driest regions on earth, the Central-East of the Sahara. These factors control the ecosystems and determine the land's suitability for use. The area receives only 0.5 mm of precipitation annually and contains one of the largest aquifers in the Sahara, with fossil groundwater. The region's lithology includes Cretaceous formations and crystalline rocks, largely covered by quaternary sediments. Exogenous activities have shaped various landscape types, such as ergs with different dunes, deflated depressions with playas, and yardangs.

Soils in the region are primarily formed through physical processes and are often shallow, sandy, and enriched with soluble salts. The book provides a detailed analysis of their physical and chemical properties, genesis, and relation to environmental factors and sociological aspects. It also discusses rare ecosystems, including those dependent on food imports and those that arise episodically and last for a few years.

Considering all ecological parameters, a land assessment system for irrigated agriculture is developed, along with descriptions of suitable cultivation methods and optimal irrigation systems. The book's contents are based on data from several expeditions and laboratory work funded by the German Research Foundation.

Covers the ecology, soil genesis, soil association, and land evaluation of the driest part of the Sahara Explores the environmental conditions, particularly the climate and soils, of one of the driest regions on earth Provides a detailed analysis of their physical and chemical properties, genesis, and relation to environmental factors

Auteur

Dr. habil. Fayez Alaily, Technische Universität Berlin, obtained a B.Sc. in Agriculture from the University of Alexandria (Egypt), in 1961, a diploma in agriculture from the University of Hohenheim, Germany, in 1968, and a Ph.D. in soil science from the same institution in 1972. He joined the Technical University of Berlin as an assistant professor at the Institute of Ecology in 1976 and was promoted to associate professor in soil science in 1984. He has been retired since 2004.

Contenu

Preface and Acknowledgements.- Introduction.- Climate.- Hydrology.- Geology and Lithology.- Landscape development.- Geomorphology.- General soil properties.- Physical weathering.- Genesis of soil cracks.- Soluble salts, gypsum and carbonates.- Soil typology.- Soil landscapes.- Ecological systems.- Land suitability for irrigated agriculture.- Appendix.- Index.