Why Human Rights?

Auteur

Eric Blumenson is a Research Professor at Suffolk University Law School in Boston, Massachusetts. He writes in the fields of international human rights, criminal law, and moral philosophy.

Texte du rabat

This book explores the three philosophical claims underlying the moral idea of human rights: (1) Universal justice & objections to it on relativist & diversity grounds; (2) Human equality & hierarchical moral status claims like caste; (3) Individual rights & collectivist counterclaims from utilitarians & communitarians.

Résumé

Why Human Rights addresses universal human rights as moral mandates rights to justice that all persons have by virtue of their humanity alone. These are not the legal rights of statutes and treaties, but moral rights of the kind Gandhi, King, and Mandela invoked to oppose unjust laws. All such rights presuppose three claims: (1) that some duties of justice apply universally, (2) that all human beings have equal moral significance, and (3) that states must protect or serve certain individual interests regardless of the societal impact of doing so.

Can these three premises be justified? Is the human equality claim, for example, rationally supportable, or is it no less faith-based than hierarchical doctrines like caste? This book explores the case for these foundational claims along with other philosophical controversies pertaining to human rights. Because these issues lie at the heart of moral and political philosophy, readers will also obtain a broad appreciation of these disciplines and their leading theorists, including Mill, Kant, Rawls, Sandel, Nozick, Rorty, and many others. Written in concise, jargon-free language, this book presents a high-relief map of the philosophical issues surrounding human rights.

Contenu

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS; INTRODUCTION; PART 1: UNIVERSALITY, RELATIVISM, AND DIVERSITY: Chapter 1. How are human rights universal?; Chapter 2. Relativist objections; Chapter 3. Diversity and indeterminacy; Chapter 4. The limits of skepticism; PART II: HUMAN EQUALITY AND MORAL HIERARCHIES: Chapter 5. Human moral equality: the claim and its challenges; Chapter 6. Theories of moral considerability; PART III: INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS AND COLLECTIVE INTERESTS: Chapter 7. The domain of rights; Chapter 8. Justifying rights; Chapter 9. Liberty, equality, and community: complements or competitors?; Appendix A; Appendix B; Appendix C; REFERENCES; NOTES; INDEX.