Drosophila melanogaster, Drosophila simulans: So Similar, So Different

Comparison of closely related species is a powerful D. melanogaster. In D. melanogaster, microsatel approach to understanding the changes that have oc lites reveal that West African popUlations are more curred since their divergence from a common ancestor. closely related to non-African populations than to The sibling species Drosophila melanogaster and D. East African popUlations. East African populations are simulans are probably the species pair for which the more variable than West African or non-African popu most genetic data are available. A workshop held at lations, suggesting that East African populations may 1 Gif/Yvette in January 2002 reviewed and discussed more closely reflect African ancestral variability. comparisons between these species, from their ecol Ecophysiology, popUlation dynamics and popula tion structure are also important to understanding the ogy and biogeography to their behavior and DNA evolution of the two species. Genetic diversity (8) polymorphism. is higher in D. simulans (S. Mousset and R. Singh).

Texte du rabat

This book brings together most of the information available concerning two species that diverged 2-3 million years ago. The objective was to try to understand why two sibling species so similar in several characteristics can be so different in others. To this end, it was crucial to confront all data from their ecology and biogeography with their behavior and DNA polymorphism. Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans are among the two sibling species for which a large set of data is available. In this book, ecologists, physiologists, geneticists, behaviorists share their data on the two sibling species, and several scenarios of evolution are put forward to explain their similarities and divergences. This is the first collection of essays of its kind. It is not the final point of the analyses of these two species since several areas remain obscure. However, the recent publication of the complete genome of D. melanogaster opens new fields for research. This will probably help us explain why D. melanogaster and D. simulans are sibling species but false friends.

Contenu
Drosophila melanogaster, Drosophila simulans: so similar yet so different.- How two Afrotropical endemics made two cosmopolitan human commensals: the Drosophila melanogaster-D. simulans palaeogeographic riddle.- Mitochondrial DNA in the Drosophila melanogaster complex.- Wolbachia infections in Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans: polymorphism and levels of cytoplasmic incompatibility.- Historicity and the population genetics of Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans.- Patterns of microsatellite variability in the Drosophila melanogaster complex.- Molecular polymorphism in Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans: what have we learned from recent studies?.- The sex-ratio trait and its evolution in Drosophila simulans: a comparative approach.- A reanalysis of protein polymorphism in Drosophila melanogaster, D. simulans, D. sechellia and D. mauritiana: effects of population size and selection.- Transposable element dynamics in two sibling species: Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans.- Wanderings of hobo: a transposon in Drosophila melanogaster and its close relatives.- Mitotic and polytene chromosomes: comparisons between Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans.- Comparative life histories and ecophysiology of Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans.- Comparative analysis of morphological traits among Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans: genetic variability, clines and phenotypic plasticity.- Ecological and genetic interactions in DrosopMa-parasitoids communities: a case study with D. melanogaster, D. simulans and their common Leptopilina parasitoids in south-eastern France.- Relations between cuticular hydrocarbon (HC) polymorphism, resistance against desiccation and breeding temperature; a model for HC evolution in D. melanogaster and D. simulans.- Molecular analysis of circadian clocks in Drosophila simulans.- A mutation in Drosophila simulans that lengthens the circadian period of locomotor activity.- Sperm size evolution in Drosophila: inter- and intraspecific analysis.- The nature of genetic variation in sex and reproduction-related genes among sibling species of the Drosophila melanogaster complex.- Genetics of hybrid inviability and sterility in Drosophila: dissection of introgression of D. simulans genes in D. melanogaster genome.- A new hybrid rescue allele in Drosophila melanogaster.- Male-specific expression of the Fruitless protein is not common to all Drosophila species.- Genetic basis of sexual isolation in Drosophila melanogaster.- Why there is a one-way crossability between D. melanogaster and D. simulans?.