Beyond Baby M

Arthur L. Caplan It is commonly said, especially when the subject is assisted reproduction, that medical technology has out stripped our morality. Yet, as the essays in this volume make clear, that is not an accurate assessment of the situ ation. Medical technology has not overwhelmed our moral ity. It would be more accurate to say that our society has not yet achieved consensus about the complex ethical iss ues that arise when medicine tries to assist those who seek its services in order to reproduce. Nevertheless, there is no shortage of ethical opinion about what we ought to do with respect to the use of surrogate mothers, in vitro fertil ization, embryo transfer, artificial insemination, or fertil ity drugs. Nor is it entirely accurate to describe assisted repro duction as technology. The term "technology" carries with it connotations of machines buzzing and technicians scurrying about trying to control a vast array of equip ment. Yet, most of the methods used to assist reproduc tion that are discussed in this volume do not involve exotic technologies or complicated hardware. It is technique, more than technology, that dominates the field of assisted reproduction. Efforts to help the infertile by means of the manipu lation of human reproductive materials and organs date 1 2 Caplan back at least to Biblical times. Human beings have en gaged in all manner of sexual practices and manipulations in attempts to achieve reproduction when nature has balked at allowing life to begin.

Contenu
Society and Reproductive Issues.- Recreating Motherhood:Ideology and Technology in American Society.- Science, Conscience, and Public Policy: Historical Reflections on Controversial Reproductive Issues.- Current Religious Perspectives on the New Reproductive Techniques.- Essential Ethical Considerations for Public Policy on Assisted Reproduction.- Treatment of Infertility and Assisted Reproduction.- Medical Techniques for Assisted Reproduction.- Infertility and the Role of the Federal Government.- Sexuality and Assisted Reproduction: An Uneasy Embrace.- Arguing with Success: Is In Vitro Fertilization Research or Therapy.- Surrogate Motherhood.- Surrogacy Arrangements: An Overview.- The Case of Baby M.- Surrogate Motherhood Agreements: The Risks to Innocent Human Life 201.- The Vatican Instruction and Surrogate Motherhood.- Surrogacy: A Question of Values.- Surrogacy and the Family: Social and Value Considerations.- Appendices.- Baby M Contract,.- State Legislative Examples: Michigan,.- Nevada,.- New York,.- Vatican Statement,.