Exploration and Innovation in Design

Exploration and Innovation in Design is one of the first books to present both conceptual and computational models of processes which have the potential to produce innovative results at early stages of design. Discussed here is the concept of exploration where the system, using computational processes, moves outside predefined available decisions. Sections of this volume discuss areas such as design representation and search, exploration and the emergence of new criteria, and precedent-based adaptation. In addition, the author presents the overall architecture of a design system and shows how the pieces fit together into one coherent system. Concluding chapters of the book discuss relationships of work in design to other research efforts, applications, and future research directions in design. The ideas and processes presented in this volume further our understanding of computational models of design, particularly those that are capable of assisting in the production of non-routine designs, and affirm that we are indeed moving toward a science of design.

Contenu

1. Introduction and Overview.- Innovative Design.- The Thesis.- Shades of Difference.- Design Cultures as Search Spaces.- An Approach to Innovative Design.- Architecture of CYCLOPS.- Organization of the Book.- Summary.- 2. A Design Scenario.- The Problem.- A Solution is found.- Adding some objectives.- Evaluating partial designs.- Design Exploration.- Finding a new problem.- New Criteria.- Design Adaptation.- Assumptions of the Approach.- Summary.- 3. The Design Problem.- Design Representation.- Design as a Labeling Problem.- Representing a CLP in the Computer.- Optimization and the CLP.- Representing objectives.- Summary.- Conclusions.- 4. Design Synthesis.- Search as Enumeration.- The Example Problem Statement.- Searching for a Solution.- Looking for Optimal Consistent Labelings.- Summary.- Conclusion.- 5. Design Exploration.- A Scenario.- Exploration in Design: Some Intuitions.- Criteria: Representation and Relaxation.- The Landscape Example, Revisited.- Solution Process.- Ordering the Non-dominated Set.- Returning to the Layout Example.- Relax, and hope for the best.- Criteria Emergence.- Precedents and Emergent Criteria.- Matching.- Summary.- 6. Design Adaptation.- Background.- Example of Case Based Design Adaptation.- Details on Case Based Design Adaptation.- Notes on Demand Posting.- Summary.- 7. Putting It All Together: A Detailed Architecture of CYCLOPS.- Normal Search Mode.- Exploration Mode.- Adaptation Mode.- Operating CYCLOPS.- The Implementation.- 8. Relationship to Other Work.- Design as a Multi-Criteria Configuration Problem.- Constraint satisfaction and Configuration Problems.- Design Exploration.- Design Adaptation.- Precedent Retrieval by Asking Questions.- Conclusions.- 9. Assumptions, Shortcomings, and Future Research.- Future Applications.- Contributions.- Epilogue.- Appendix A. The Consistent Labeling Optimization Problem.- Formulating the.- Consistent Labeling Optimization Problem.- Variables.- Values.- Constraints.- Objectives.- Solving CLPs with the Forward Checking Algorithm.- Searching the State Space.- Forward Checking and Search.- The Forward Checking Algorithm.- Solving the CLOP.- Representing Relaxable Constraints and Objectives.- Determining the Ranks for partial labelings.- An Admissible Algorithm for a CLOP.- Proof of Optimality of the CLOPS algorithm.- Conclusions.- Appendix B. A Trace of CYCLOPS in Action.- CYCLOPS Architecture.- An Example.- The problem statement.- Domain Knowledge-Base: The Precedents.- The run.- References.