Creative Complex Systems

In recent years, problems such as environmental and economic crises and pandemics caused by new viruses have been occurring on a global scale. Globalization brings about benefits, but it can increase the potential risks of systemic problems, leading to system-wide disruptions. The coronavirus pandemic, declared on March 11, 2020, by the World Health Organization, has revealed social disparities in the form of a higher risk of death for people of low-socioeconomic status and has caused massive destruction of the economy and of globalization itself. Extensive efforts to cope with these challenges have often led to the emergence of additional problems due to the chain of hidden causation. What can be done to protect against such emerging challenges?

Despite the resulting complexity, once these individual problems are considered as different aspects of a single whole, seemingly contradictory issues can become totally understandable, as they can be integrated into a single coherent framework. This is the integrationist approach in contrast to the reductionist approach. Situations of this kind are truly relevant to understanding the question, What are creative complex systems? This book features contributions by members and colleagues of the Kyoto University International Research Unit of Integrated Complex System Science. It broadens our outlook from the traditional view of stability, in which global situations are eventually stabilized after the impact of destruction, to creative complex systems.

Chapter 1 David Pines and Me is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

Confronts increasingly complicated and diverse global issues with the common theme of a complex system Showcases the work of the Kyoto University International Research Unit for Integrated Complex Systems Employs an integrationist or holistic approach to creative complex systems

Auteur
Kazuo Nishimura, Ph.D., is a specially appointed professor of the Research Institute for Economics and Business Administration at Kobe University in Japan. He is also a professor emeritus of Kyoto University and a member of the Japan Academy. Professor Nishimura served as president of the Japanese Economic Association in 2000 and 2001 and has been a fellow of the Econometric Society since 1992.

He is widely known for pioneering contributions in complexity economics, and served as a director of the International Research Unit of Integrated Complex System Science, Kyoto University, 2010-2013, and an external professor of the Santa Fe Institute, 2008-2017. Since 2004, he has been a member of the Board of Governors of the Institute for Complex Adaptive Matter. His research interests include general equilibrium theory, international trade theory, and nonlinear economic dynamics. Professor Nishimura was awarded the Publication Prize of the Mathematical Society of Japan in2005, an honorary doctorate of the University of Aix-Marseilles in 2007, the Nikkei Prize for Economics Books in 2008, the Kyoto Newspaper Grand Award in Academics in 2010, the Medal with Purple Ribbon in 2010, and the Order of the Sacred Treasure, Gold and Silver Star, in 2019.

Masatoshi Murase received his Ph.D. degree from The University of Tokyo in 1987. Since 1992, he has been an associate professor at the Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University. In 1987 and 1988 he was a visiting scientist at the Duke University Medical Center, USA, and in 1990 and 1991 was an associate professor in the Department of Mathematics of the University of California at Davis, USA. From 1985 to 1992 he was a member of the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology. Since 2010, he has been a member of the Cooperation Promotion Committee of the International Research Unit of Integrated Complex System Science, Kyoto University. Between 2015 and 2020 he was a directorof the Research Promotion Strategy Office of the International Research Unit of Advanced Future Studies, Kyoto University.

Professor Murase is the author of Dynamics of Cellular Motility (Wiley, 1992) and is also the author of Life as History: Construction of Self-Nonself Circulation Theory (Kyoto University Press, 2000). He is the co-editor of Perspectives on Advanced Future Studies (Nakanishiya, 2020) and is the co-author of Philosophy of Co-creation (Gensosha, 2020).

Kazuyoshi Yoshimura has been a professor of the Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, since 2002. He has also been the director of the Research Center for Low Temperature and Material Sciences, Kyoto University, since 2013; director of the International Research Unit of Integrated Complex System Science, Kyoto University, since 2015; a research member of the International Research Unit of Advanced Future Studies, Kyoto University, since 2015; and vice director of the Agency for Health, Safety, and Environment, Kyoto University, since 2016.

Professor Yoshimura received his Ph.D. in engineering from Kyoto University in 1987. Since then, he has held teaching positions in the Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Fukui University, from 1986 to 1988, and in the Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, from 1988 to the present. He has studied magnetism and superconductivity in transition-metal compounds and alloys in Kyoto University since 1981 as well as in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the Technical University of Vienna; the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Institute of Solid State Physics; and The University of Tokyo.

Contenu

1. David Pines and Me.- 2. To err is human: the complex nature of human reproduction and prenatal development.- 3. Short notes on theories of species diversity.- 4. Museum Workshop, evolution of human intelligence and education.- 5. Anomalous behavior of random walks on disordered media.- 6. Pollution, Human Capital, and Growth Cycles.- 7. Productive Consumption in a Two-Sector Model of Economic Development.- 8. Time and Mnemonic Morphism.- 9. Universality and the Role of Limitations Influencing Interdisciplinary Scientific and Cultural Advances.- 10. Some Conceptual Principles with Mathematical Background for Interdisciplinary Developments in the Sciences and Beyond.- 11. The Role of Paradox in the Development of Interdisciplinary Scientific and Cultural Advances.- 12. Elucidation of Chaotic Market Hypothesis Based on Ergodic Theory.- 13.- Itinerant-Electron Magnetism and Spin Fluctuations Aspects of Theories and Experiments.- 14. Quantum-size effect probed by NMR measurements.- 15. Recent Topics on Organic Spin Liquid Candidates.- 16. Impact of Reactive Oxygen Species and G-quadruplexes in Telomeres and Mitochondria.- 17.Evolution, Motor of the Changing Biosphere.- 18. New horizons in brain science.- 19. Evolutionary perspective on Suffering : Murase's Self-Nonself circulation theory of life applied to PRISM (Pictorial Representation of Illness and Self Measure).- 20. Machine Learning for Metabolic Identification.- 21. Ignorance, Creation, Destruction.- 22. A Unified Theory and Practice of Creative Complex Systems: Challenging to the Systemic Problems Spanning the Inside and Outside World.