Cooperative Catalysis

The book provides an unique overview of the different concepts of cooperative catalysis, their corresponding modes of operation, advantages and pitfalls as well as applications in asymmetric synthesis.

Written by experts in the field, this is a much-needed overview of the rapidly emerging field of cooperative catalysis. The authors focus on the design and development of novel high-performance catalysts for applications in organic synthesis (particularly asymmetric synthesis), covering a broad range of topics, from the latest progress in Lewis acid / Brønsted base catalysis to e.g. metal-assisted organo catalysis, cooperative metal/enzyme catalysis, and cooperative catalysis in polymerization reactions and on solid surfaces. The chapters are classified according to the type of cooperating activating groups, and describe in detail the different strategies of cooperative activation, highlighting their respective advantages and pitfalls. As a result, readers will learn about the different concepts of cooperative catalysis, their corresponding modes of operation and their applications, thus helping to find a solution to a specific synthetic catalysis problem.

Auteur
René Peters is professor for Organic Chemistry at the University of Stuttgart, Germany. He studied chemistry at the RWTH Aachen (Germany) and received his doctoral degree in 2000 under supervision of Prof. Dieter Enders. For his postdoctoral studies he joined the group of Prof. Yoshito Kishi at Harvard University, USA. Afterwards, he worked for three years as a process research chemist at F. Hoffmann-La Roche in Basel, Switzerland. In 2004, he joined the faculty of ETH Zürich as assistant professor and since 2008 he holds his current position. His research efforts are mainly directed towards the development of efficient catalytic asymmetric methodologies, in particular using cooperative catalysis.

Contenu
LEWIS ACID - BRØNSTED BASE CATALYSIS Introduction Lewis Acid - Brønsted Base Catalysis in Metalloenzymes Hard Lewis Acid - Brønsted Base Cooperative Catalysis Soft Lewis Acid - Brønsted Base Cooperative Catalysis Conclusion LEWIS ACID - LEWIS BASE CATALYSIS Introduction Lewis Acid and Lewis Base Activation Addition to Carbonyl Compounds Condensation Reactions Morita-Baylis-Hillman Reactions Epoxide Openings Cyclization Reactions Polymerizations Conclusions and Outlook COOPERATING LIGANDS IN CATALYSIS Introduction Chemically Active Ligands Assisting a Metal-Localized Catalytic Reaction Redox-Active Ligands Assisting Metal-Based Catalysts Summary COOPERATIVE ENAMINE-LEWIS ACID CATALYSIS Introduction Reactions Developed through Cooperative Enamine-Lewis Acid Catalysis Conclusion HYDROGEN BONDING-MEDIATED COOPERATIVE ORGANOCATALYSIS BY MODIFIED CINCHONA ALKALOIDS Introduction The Emergence of Highly Enantioselective Base Organocatalysis Hydrogen Bonding-Based Conclusion and Outlooks COOPERATION OF TRANSITION METALS AND CHIRAL BRØNSTED ACIDS IN ASYMMETRIC CATALYSIS General Introduction Cooperative Catalysis of Palladium(II) and a Brønsted Acid Cooperative Catalysis of Palladium(0) and a Brønsted Acid Cooperative Catalysis of a Rhodium Complex and a Brønsted Acid Cooperative Catalysis of a Silver Complex and a Brønsted Acid Cooperative Catalysis of a Copper Complex and a Brønsted Acid Cooperative Catalysis of an Iridium Complex and a Brønsted Acid Cooperative Catalysis of an Iron Complex and a Brønsted Acid Perspective COOPERATIVE CATALYSIS INVOLVING CHIRAL ION PAIR CATALYSTS Introduction Chiral Cation-Based Catalysis Chiral Anion Based Catalysis Synopsis BIMETALLIC CATALYSIS: COOPERATION OF CARBOPHILIC METAL CENTERS Introduction Homobimetallic Catalysts Heterobimetallic Catalysts Synopsis COOPERATIVE H2 ACTIVATION BY BORANE-DERIVED FRUSTRATED LEWIS PAIRS Introduction Mechanistic Considerations General Considerations Hydrogenation of Imines Hydrogenation of Enamines and Silylenol Ethers Hydrogenation of Heterocycles Hydrogenation of Enones, Alkylidene Malonates, and Nitroolefins Hydrogenation of Unpolarized Olefins and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Summary CATALYSIS BY ARTIFICIAL OLIGOPEPTIDES Cooperative Catalysis by Short Peptides Cooperative Catalysis by Supramolecular Systems Cooperative Catalysis by Nanosystems Conclusions METALS AND METAL COMPLEXES IN COOPERATIVE CATALYSIS WITH ENZYMES WITHIN ORGANIC-SYNTHETIC ONE-POT PROCESSES Introduction Metal-Catalyzed In situ-Preparation of an Enzyme's Reagent (Cofactor) Required for the Biotransformation Combination of a Metal-Catalyzed Racemization of a Substrate with a Stereoselective Biotransformation Toward a Dynamic Kinetic Resolution Combinations of Metal Catalysis and Biocatalysis Toward "Consecutive" One-Pot Processes without Intermediate Isolation Summary and Outlook COOPERATIVE CATALYSIS ON SOLID SURFACES VERSUS SOLUBLE MOLECULES Introduction Tuning Cooperativity of Acid-Base Bifunctional Groups by Varying the Distance Between Them in a Soluble-Molecule Platform Acid-Base Bifunctional Catalysts on Two-Dimensional Surfaces: Organic-Inorganic Materials Cooperative Catalysis on Surfaces versus Soluble Molecular Platforms for Kinetic Resolution of Racemic Epoxides Depolymerization of Biomass Polymers via Cooperative Catalysis on Surfaces Conclusions COOPERATIVE CATALYSIS IN POLYMERIZATION REACTIONS Introduction Cooperative Effects for the Polymerization of Lactide and Other Cyclic Esters Polymerization Reactions of Vinyl Monomers with Frustrated Lewis Pairs Zinc-Based Cooperative Catalysis of Epoxide/CO2 Copolymerization Cooperative Mechanism of Epoxide/CO2 Copolymerization by Salen-Type Complexes Summary Index