Photoelasticity of Glass

Glass is the oldest man-made material. Its invention about five thousand years ago should be considered as one of the crucial events in the history of mankind. Glass has given man the possibility to have daylight in his protected living environment and to compensate the defects of his sight. Glass containers and tableware have played and still play an important role in man's everyday life. Glass elements in microscopes and telescopes have given us the possibility to learn the secrets of micro- and macrocosm. Glass participates in the most sophisticated technologies: glass fibers have caused a revolution in telecommunication, glass is used as a material for many modern electronic devices. Although nowadays plastics often make a strong competition to glass, for many applications glass is still the best material due to its specific properties - its hardness, good transparency, resistance to chemicals, the easiness to shape glass articles, feasibility to change the composition of the glass in order to meet new specific demands, etc. Two peculiarities of glass should be pointed out. The first is the fragility of glass - it breaks easily due to tensile stresses. The second is the fact that in every glass item there exist residual stresses due to the complicated technological process during which glass from the state of a viscous liquid at high temperature turns into solid state, while cooled down.

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This book presents a sytematic approach to contemporaryphototelasticity with particular emphasis on stress analysisin glass. A review of different kinds of residual stressesin glass is presented. Besides traditional photoelastictechniques, differential refractrometry for stressdetermination on the surface of flat glass and integratedphotoelasticity for stress determination in glass articlesofcomplicated shape are considered in detail. Originalphotoelastic apparatus and corresponding measurementtechniques as well as stress calculation algorithms aredescribed. Many practical examples illustrate thepossibilities of modern photoelasticity for stressmeasurement in flat glass, containers, tumblers, tubes,optical fibres and fibre performs etc.The book can be considered as a textbook for a specialist inglass industry who wants to check the quality of products ortries to optimize theproduction process parameters from thepoint of view of the residual stresses. Furthermore, thebook gives a number of new nondestructive methodswhich havenot been described in earlier books on photoelasticity.

Contenu
One The Basics of Photoelasticity and Glass.- 1 Basic Elasticity.- 2 Residual Stresses in Glass.- 3 Basic Photoelasticity.- 4 Two-Dimensional Photoelasticity.- 5 The Scattered Light Method.- 6 Integrated Photoelasticity.- 7 Photoelastic Properties of Glass.- Two Stress Analysis in Flat Glass.- 8 Thickness Stresses.- 9 Membrane Stresses.- 10 Determination of the Total Stresses.- Three Stresses in Glass Articles of Complicated Shape.- 11 Axisymmetric Glass Articles.- 12 Containers and Other Thin-Walled Glassware.- 13 Optical Fibers and Fiber Preforms.- Author Index.