Computational Single-Electronics

Single-electronics is a fascinating technology which reveals new physical effects of charge transport. It has many benefits and great figure of merits but also several open challenges waiting for elegant solutions . In my almost o- decade-long involvement in single-electronics I have seen a steady rise in interest measurable in the number of published articles, conference talks, and research grants from government and industry . In order to collect , categorize, and summarize a good part of this body of knowledge as well as to introduce some new points of view, variations , and extensions, I set out to write this book. A book targeted at the student eager to delve into single-electronics as well as the expert who needs a reference for theory, circuits, and algorithms for system analyses. This book addresses three areas : the theory which goes beyond the orthodox theory, the computational methods necessary to analyze sing- electron circuits, and applications and manufacturing methods, the practical side of single-electronics. The theory was kept short and concise, suitable for people seeking a compact introduction or reference . For in-depth coverage one has to consult cited articles and books. The computational part is very complete and can be considered state of the art for single-electronics . Almost all algorithms which are necessary for a successful and efficient implemen- tion are stated . Not all of them are exhaustively explained but at least a recipe for their successful implementation is given .

Comprehensive introduction to single-electronics Reference book for theory, simulation and application How-to-do-it manual for the simulation of single-electron devices

Contenu
1 Introduction.- 1.1 Single-Electronics Made Easy.- 1.2 A Historical Look Back.- 2 Theory.- 2.1 Orthodox Single-Electron Theory.- 2.2 Time and Space Correlations.- 2.3 Master Equation of Electron Transport.- 2.4 Extensions to the Orthodox Theory.- 3 Simulation Methods and Numerical Algorithms.- 3.1 Monte Carlo Method.- 3.2 Solution of the Master Equation.- 3.3 Coupling with SPICE.- 3.4 Free Energy.- 3.5 Tunnel Transmission Coefficient.- 3.6 Energy Levels.- 3.7 Evaluation Schemes for Cotunneling.- 3.8 Rate Calculation Including Electromagnetic Environment.- 3.9 Numerical Integration of Tunnel Rates.- 3.10 Time-Dependent Node Voltages and Node Charges.- 3.11 Stability Diagram and Stable States.- 3.12 Capacitance Calculations.- Circuits and Applications.- 4.1 Fundamental Circuits.- 4.2 Metrology Applications.- 4.3 Memory.- 4.4 Logic.- 4.5 Interfacing to CMOS.- 4.6 Exotic Circuits.- 4.7 Evolutionary Circuit Design.- 5 Random Background Charges.- 5.1 The Good Side of High Charge Sensitivity.- 5.2 Solutions on the Material Level.- 5.3 Solutions on the Device Level.- 5.4 Solutions on the Circuit and System Level.- 6 Manufacturing Methods and Material Systems.- 6.1 Shadow Evaporation.- 6.2 Step-Edge Cutoff.- 6.3 Nanoimprint.- 6.4 Planar Quantum Dots.- 6.5 Scanning Probe Microscopy.- 6.6 Granular Films.- 6.7 Self-Assembled Structures.- 6.8 Outlook.- Appendixes.- A Fermi's Golden Rule.- B Capacitance and Resistance Extraction from Measured Data.- C Analytic Solutions of the Cotunneling Rate.- D Algorithms from Number Theory.- E Convex Hull of Point Set.- F Analytic Capacitance Calculation.- References.