Catalytic Process Development for Renewable Materials

With contributions from authors at leading companies, providing first-hand knowledge that is hard to find elsewhere, this is the first volume to combine the fields of high throughput experimentation and catalytic process development for biobased materials in industry.

Green, clean and renewable are the hottest keywords for catalysis and industry. This handbook and ready reference is the first to combine the fields of advanced experimentation and catalytic process development for biobased materials in industry. It describes the entire workflow from idea, approach, research, and process development, right up to commercialization. A large part of the book is devoted to the use of advanced technologies and methodologies like high throughput experimentation, as well as reactor and process design models, with a wide selection of real-life examples included at each stage. The contributions are from authors at leading companies and institutes, providing firsthand
information and knowledge that is hard to find elsewhere.
This work is aimed at decision makers, engineers and chemists in industry, chemists and engineers working with/on renewables, chemists in the field of catalysis, and chemical engineers.

Auteur
Dr. Pieter Imhof is currently VP Strategic Account Management at Avantium Chemicals B.V., after having held several positions in Research and
Development, Technical Service, Marketing and Product Development both at Akzo Nobel Catalysts and Albemarle. Within Avantium, Pieter has been responsible for Global Business Development, Sales and Marketing for high throughput services and systems in both Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industry. Pieter obtained his M.Sc. and Ph.D degrees in Organometallic and Coordination Chemistry at the University of Amsterdam. He has published and contributed to over 100 scientific and conference papers and patents.

Dr. Jan Cornelis van der Waal is Principal Scientist at Avantium Chemicals B.V. He studied Chemical Engineering at the Delft University of Technology (1987-1993) and received his Ph.D. at the same institute in 1998. After a postdoctoral assignment at the Royal Dutch Shell research and technology centre in Amsterdam for 2 years, he was involved in the foundation of Avantium Chemicals in 2000 and has since then worked for Avantium Technologies. Currently he is Principal Scientist Catalysts covering the area of biorenewable feedstocks conversion,
in particular of oxygenates such as sugars, syn gas chemistries such as Fischer-Tropsch, Methanol and Ethanol synthesis, as well as selective oxidations and hydrogenations. He has published over 60 scientific and conference papers and patents.

Contenu
THE NEXT FEEDSTOCK TRANSITION

PREFACE

THE INDUSTRIAL PLAYING FIELD FOR THE CONVERSION OF BIOMASS TO RENEWABLE FUELS AND CHEMICALS
Introduction
The Renewables Arena
Renewable Fuels
Renewable Chemicals
Conclusions

SELECTING TARGETS
Introduction
Target Selection Can Focus on Specific Structures or General Technologies
Previous Selection Efforts
Corroboration of the Value of Screening Studies
The Importance of Outcomes and Comparisons of Outcomes
Evaluation Processes Can be Comprised of a Variety of Criteria
Catalysis Aspects
Conclusions

THE DEVELOPMENT OF CATALYTIC PROCESSES FROM TERPENES TO CHEMICALS
Introduction
Strain Engineering for the Production of Terpenes
Terpene Building Blocks of Commercial Interest
Sesquiterpenes as Chemical Building Blocks: ß-Farnesene
Polymers
Lubricants
Conclusions

FURAN-BASED BUILDING BLOCKS FROM CARBOHYDRATES
Importance of Furans as Building Blocks
Sources of Carbohydrates
Carbohydrate Dehydration
Conclusions and Further Perspectives

A WORKFLOW FOR PROCESS DESIGN - USING PARALLEL REACTOR EQUIPMENT BEYOND SCREENING
Introduction
The Evolution of Parallel Reactor Equipment
The Evolution of Research Methodology - Conceptual Process Design
Essential Workflow Elements
Other Examples of Parallel Reactor Equipment Applied Beyond Screening - Long-Term Catalyst Performance
Concluding Remarks

BRASKEM'S ETHANOL TO POLYETHYLENE PROCESS DEVELOPMENT
Introduction
Ethanol and Brazil
Commercial Plants for Ethanol Dehydration
Legislation and Certification
Process Description
Polymerization
Conclusion

FATS AND OILS AS RAW MATERIAL FOR THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY
Introduction - Setting the Scene, Definitions
Why Fats and Oils Need Catalytic Transformation
Catalytic Process Development - Conceptual
Fatty Alcohols: Then and Now, a Case Study
Conclusion and Outlook: Development Challenges for the Future

PRODUCTION OF AROMATIC CHEMICALS FROM BIOBASED FEEDSTOCK
Introduction
Chemical Routes to Aromatic Chemicals from Biomass
Biological Routes to Specific Aromatic Chemicals
Lignin - The Last Frontier
Considerations for Scale-Up and Commercialization
Conclusion

ORGANOSOLV BIOREFI NING: CREATING HIGHER VALUE FROM BIOMASS
Introduction
Concepts and Principles of Biorefinery Technologies
Catalytic Processes Employed in Biorefining
An Organosolv Biorefinery Process for High-Value Products
Conclusions

BIOMASS-TO-LIQUIDS BY THE FISCHER - TROPSCH PROCESS
Basics of Fischer - Tropsch Chemistry and BTL
Cobalt Fischer - Tropsch Catalysis
Fischer - Tropsch Reactors
Biomass Pretreatment and Gasification
Biomass-to-Liquids Process Concepts
BTL Pilot and Demonstration Plants
XTL Energy and Carbon Efficiencies
BTL Summary and Outlook

CATALYTIC TRANSFORMATION OF EXTRACTIVES
Introduction
Fine and Special Chemicals from Crude Tall Oil Compounds
Fine and Special Chemicals from Turpentine Compounds
Conclusions
Acknowledgment

ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF NOVEL CATALYTIC PROCESSES BASED ON RENEWABLE RAW MATERIALS - CASE STUDY FOR FURANICS
Introduction
Energy Savings by Catalytic Processes
LCA Methodology
Case Study: Energy Analysis and GHG Balance of Polyethylene Furandicarboxylate (PEF) as a Potential Replacement for Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)
Discussion and Conclusions

CARBON DIOXIDE: A VALUABLE SOURCE OF CARBON FOR CHEMICALS, FUELS AND MATERIALS
Introduction
The Conditions for Industrial Use of CO2
Carbon Dioxide Conversion
Energy Products from CO2
Production of Inorganic Carbonates
Enhanced Fixation of CO2 into Aquatic Biomass
Conclusion and Future Outlook

INDEX