Dentofacial and Occlusal Asymmetries

Comprehensive and accessible resource that covers all crucial aspects of dentofacial and occlusal asymmetriesThis book covers all crucial aspects of asymmetries encountered in the stomatognathic region regarding diagnosis, treatment planning, management and prognosis. Divided into three core sections, the first part focuses on the etiology of asymmetry and whether it is congenital or acquired through disease or trauma. The second and third sections go on to discuss localization and management, providing information on topics such as interception, correction and camouflage. Specific sample topics covered in the book include: Treatment approaches: interceptive, tooth movements, goal-oriented biomechanics and jaw repositioning Treatment principles: dentofacial orthopedics, camouflage and orthodontic-surgical treatment Localization and problem list: medical and dental history, clinical examination, dental cast analysis and radiographic/imaging assessment Medical, social and psychological aspects: growth disorders and helping children and their families with facial differences Written by a team of renowned experts in the field, Dentofacial and Occlusal Asymmetries will serve as an invaluable resource to postgraduates in orthodontic, pediatric dentistry and oral and maxillofacial surgery programs as well as orthodontists, pediatric dentists, pediatricians and oral and maxillofacial surgeons aiming for optimal results in the diagnosis and management of these complex malocclusions and dentofacial deformities.

Auteur

Birte Melsen is Visiting Professor of Orthodontics at the College of Dentistry, New York University in the USA and was Professor and Head of Orthodontics at Aarhus University in Denmark. Athanasios E. Athanasiou is Dean and Professor of Orthodontics at the School of Dentistry, European University Cyprus in Cyprus and Honorary Professor of Orthodontics at Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences in the UAE. He was Dean, Professor and Head of Orthodontics at the School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.

Contenu

List of Contributors xiv

1 Introduction 1
Birte Melsen and Athanasios E. Athanasiou

References 3

Part I Etiology 5

2 The Etiology of Dentofacial and Occlusal Asymmetries - An Overview 7
Birte Melsen

Introduction 7

Congenital 7

Postnatally 8

References 14

3 Congenital 15

3.1 Distortion/Malformation 16
Pertti Pirttiniemi

Etiology - Definition 16

Craniosynostosis 16

Plagiocephaly 17

Muscular Torticollis 17

Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip 18

Scoliosis 18

Hemifacial Hyperplasia 18

References 19

3.2 Syndromes and Rare Diseases with Asymmetry in the Craniofacial and Dental Regions 21
Hans Gjørup and Dorte Haubek

Syndromes and Rare Diseases 21

Unilateral Overgrowth of Craniofacial or Dental Structures 22

Unilateral Underdevelopment of Craniofacial or Dental Structures 25

References 33

4 Acquired 37

4.1 Acquired Dentofacial Deformity and Asymmetry 38
Peter B. Stoustrup and Thomas Klit Pedersen

Introduction 39

The Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) and Its Association with Asymmetric Dentofacial Development 39

Dental Occlusion and Acquired Skeletal and Dental Asymmetries 40

Acquired Dentofacial and Dental Asymmetries 40

Autoimmune Conditions 41

Skeletal Growth Diseases 44

Conditions with Skeletal Undergrowth 44

Conditions with Skeletal Overgrowth 45

Soft-tissue Conditions 46

Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Conditions 46

Temporomandibular (TMJ) Disc Displacement (Internal Derangement) 47

Management of Acquired Dentofacial Deformity and Asymmetry 47

Conclusion 50

Acknowledgment 50

References 51

Part II Localization and Problem List 53

5 Examination of Special Features in Patients with Dentofacial and Occlusal Asymmetries 55
Athanasios E. Athanasiou and Birte Melsen

Introduction 55

Head Posture 56

Functional Assessment 58

Photographic Assessment 61

Conclusion 61

References 67

6 Imaging: Craniofacial Asymmetries 69
David C. Hatcher and Vidhya Venkateswaran

Introduction 69

Asymmetry 70

Differential Diagnosis and Decision Tree for a Craniofacial Asymmetry 70

Imaging for Asymmetry 70

Analysis 71

Overall Regional Changes Associated with the Developmental Onset of TMJ Disorders 72

Common Disorders and Associated Local and Regional Changes 74

Conclusions 78

References 81

7 Cephalometric Radiographic Assessment of Facial Asymmetry 82
Guilherme Janson and Aron Aliaga-Del Castillo

Introduction 82

Radiographic Methods for Diagnosis of Asymmetry 82

Concluding Remarks 89

References 89

8 EMG and Ultrasonography of Masticatory Muscles 91
Stavros Kiliaridis

Introduction 91

Understanding the Functional Profile of the Muscle 91

Clinical Methods to Record Masticatory Muscles Functional Capacity 92

Posterior Crossbite with Functional Shift. Effects on Masticatory Muscles? 95

References 96

9 Localization and Problem List - 3-D Face Reconstruction 99
Karine Evangelista, Camila Massaro, Antonio Carlos de Oliveira Ruellas, and Lucia H. Soares Cevidanes

Introduction 99

Facial Asymmetry Diagnosis and Complementary Exams for Facial Asymmetry Localization 100

Image Analysis in CBCT Scans for Skeletal Asymmetry 102

Head Orientation 102

Scroll Through All Cross-Sectional Slices 102

Assessment of the 3D Rendering Viewing from Different Perspectives 104

List of Problems in Skeletal Craniofacial Asymmetries Through 3D Assessment 104

Zygomatic and Maxillary Unilateral Hypertrophy 105

Sinus and Maxillary Hypoplasia 105

Unilateral Condylar Hyperplasia 107

Unilateral Condylar Resorption 109

Craniofacial Macrosomia 110

Asymmetry Localization and Quantification 110

Mirroring and Superimposition 111

Quantification 113

Determining the Asymmetry Directions 114

Final Considerations 114

Acknowledgments 114

References 114

Part III Management 117

10 Treatment Approaches 119

10.1 Very Early Treatment of Dentofacial Asymmetries: Why, When, and How? 120
Ute E.M. Schneider-Moser and Lorenz Moser

Introduction 120

Etiology 121

Diagnostic Evaluation 121

Very Early Treatment for Unilateral Posterior Crossbite with Class I, II, III Malocclusion 123

What if a Class II Subdivision Develops After Early Crossbite Correction? 132

What About Stability of Very Early Crossbite Correction? 141

Summary 141

References 142

10.2 Tooth Movement and Goal-oriented Mechanics in the Treatment of Patients ExhibitingAsymmetry 144
Bhavna Shroff, Steven M. Siegel, Steven J. Lindauer, and Birte Melsen

Introduction 144

Diagnosis - Problem List 145

Molar Rotation (First Order) 147

Molar Tipping (Second Order) 149

Posterior Crossbite (Third Order) 150

Early Loss of Mandibular Deciduous Canines 150

Treatment 152

Correction of Unilateral Molar Rotation 152

Current Mechanics Used to Correct a Class II Subdivision Malocclusion 153

Unilateral Tip-back Mechanics 156

Conclusion 158

References 159

11 Treatment Principles 161

11.1 Dentofacial Orthopedics in the Management of Hemifacial Microsomia and Nager Syndrome Cases 162
Birte Melsen and Athanasios E. Athanasiou

Introduction 162

Case Reports 163

Discussion 171

Conclusion 173

References 173

11.2 Rational Diagnosis and Treatment of Dental Asymmetries 175
Joseph Bouserhal, Nikhillesh Vaiid, Ismaeel Hansa, Zakaria Bentahar, Lea J. Bouserhal, and Philippe J. Bouserhal

Introduction 175

Classification of Dental Asymmetries 176

Diagnosis of Dental Asymmetries 176

Management of Posterior Dental Asymmetries 179

Management of Anterior Dental Asymmetries 181

Conclusions 195

Acknowledgment 195

References …