Biodegradable Polymers and Plastics

Synthetic and semi-synthetic polymeric materials were originally developed for their durability and resistance to all forms of degradation including biodegradation. Such materials are currently widely accepted because of their ease of processability and amenability to provide a large variety of cost effective items that help to enhance the comfort and quality of life in the modern industrial society. However, this widespread utilization of plastics has contributed to a serious plastic waste burden, and the expectation for the 21st century is for an increased demand for polymeric material. This volume focuses on a more rational utilization of resources in the fabrication, consumption and disposal of plastic items, specifically:
-Environmentally Degradable Polymeric Materials (EDPs); -Water-soluble/Swellable Biodegradable Polymers; -EDPs from Renewable Resources; -Biopolymers; -Bioresorbable Materials for Biomedical Applications; -Biorelated Polymers; -Standards and Regulations on EDPs.

Contenu

1. Standards and Policies.- 1 Science and Standards.- 2 Biodegradability and Compostability.- 3 STUDY OF THE AEROBIC BIODEGRADABILITY OF PLASTICMATERIALS UNDER CONTROLLED COMPOST.- 4 Environmentally Degradable Plastics and ICS-Unido Global Program.- 5 Biodegradable Plastics: Views of APME (Association of Plastics Manufacturers in Europe).- 6 Market Introduction of Compostable Packaging: Consumers' Acceptance and Disposal Habits in the Kassel Project.- 2. Biobased Systems.- 7 Do Biopolymers Fulfill Our Expectations Concerning Environmental Benefits.- 8 Biobased Polymeric Materials.- 9 Biodegradable Kraft Lignin-Based Thermoplastics.- 10 Biodegradable Hybrid Polymeric Materials Based on Lignin and Synthetic Polymers.- 11 Production and Applications of Microbial Polyhydroxyalkanoates.- 12 The Solid-State Structure, Thermal and Crystalline Properties of Bacterial Copolyesters of (R)-3-Hydroxybutyric Acid with (R)-3-Hydroxyhexanoic Acid.- Chapter13 Biobased Polymeric Materials for Agriculture Applications: Biobased Polymeric Materials for Agriculture Applications.- 3. Biomedical Applications.- 14 Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic Copolymers: Fluorinated Hydrogels as Biomaterials.- 15 Characteristics and Applications of Star-Shaped Architecture for PLA and PGCL.- 16 Hydrogels and Hydrophilic Partially Degradable Bone Cements Based on Biodegradable Blends Incorporating Starch.- 17 Segmented Polyetheresters Containing Hydrogen Bonding Units.- 18 The Foaming Process ff Biodegradable Polyesters.- 4. New Trends And Visions.- 19 Significance and Implications of Green Polymer Chemistry.- 20 Artificial and Natural Functionalized Biopolyesters: From Macromolecular Skeleton Selection to Property Design by Ester Pendant Groups.- 21 Environmentally Degradable Plastics Based on Oxo-Biodegradationof Conventional Polyolefins.- 22 New Aliphatic Polyester Layered-Silicate Nanocomposites.- 23 Organic Catalysis: A New and Broadly Useful Strategy for Living Polymerization.