A Study on Silver Workers Residing in Vadodara City

Population ageing is a process no longer confined to industrialized countries. Many developing countries are now also experiencing ageing of their populations, reflected by the rising share of the elderly in the total population. Not only are developing countries ageing, they are ageing at a much faster rate and at a much earlier stage of economic development, thus placing them at a greater disadvantage in terms of their ability to respond to ageing developments. The availability of domestic resources, for example, to finance ageing pressures on public finances and public services are likely to be more limited. In addition, the political timeframe available to formulate and implement appropriate policy responses will be shorter. Developing countries are confronting ageing pressures at a time when social security coverage is still limited to a minority of the better-off elderly population, and when the systems of protection which have supported the elderly in the past are gradually eroding.
Old age is commonly associated with retirement, illness and dependency. Most government jobs have set the retirement age at sixty. However, in a country such as India, where no universal social security exists, people tend to work as long as they can: About seventy percent of the elderly in India still work like the rest of the adults. It is important to recognize the strengths of the old and empower them rather than to adopt a paternalistic attitude that can have devastating impact on the self-esteem of the elderly citizens.
This study takes a close look at silver workers in Vadodara, India, who are working in their retirement age. By undertaking such a research, the government and civil society will be enabled to provide a better work environment for the silver workers.

Auteur

Myself presently working as an Associate Professor in the Department of Extension and Communication, Faculty of Family and Community Sciences, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, India. I Have 20 years of teaching experience and presently coordinating Rural Extension Programmes of the department. I was the Programme Coordinator of the course P.G. Diploma in Development Management run by the department since last 12 years.Presently coordinating Master Programme of the department. From the academic year 2014-2015.I am also coordinating the administration of Fashion Communication Department, Institute of Fashion Design, Faculty of Family and Community Sciences, The M.S University of Baroda, Vadodara. My major contribution is in the field of ICT in education and development focusing on designing and implementing information technology in the formal and non formal set up for bringing quality changes in the lives of the people. The focus of my work is in community Development Programmes Using Various Communication Strategies from Traditional to Modern media. Media blending techniques and behaviour communication strategies have been incorporated into all my projects for bringing change in the communities. I expertise in collaborative community development projects for outreach activities for community development work. Since last ten years, my work is towards senior citizens for improving their quality of life. Recently i am working on E content development of curriculum courses offered at UG level.

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CHAPTER - 3 METHODOLOGY:
Given the study is exploratory research to first investigating the target group, for analysis, both quantitative and qualitative methods have been applied. This study aims at quantifying the qualitative data gained from open ended questions. This is not a pure qualitative analysis. Therefore in a first approximation, all given answers were listed and frequencies were counted. Then categories were created, numbers assigned and percentages were obtained. On the one hand, there are quantitative analyses of subjective ratings using percentage scale or numerically anchored scales. On other hand, there are open ended questions which demand free non supported statements from the respondents. These statements were coded and quantified in a subsequent step. This study considers appropriate analyses for these different approaches and quantitative data were imported into SPSS and Excel as shown in chapter 4.
As the qualitative part of this study generated a large amount of textual material certain systematic methodological conducive to tits condensation were referred to interpretation of open ended questions. The following analysis explores the association between job search duration and types of factors such as reasons, problems, perceptions, satisfaction, their suggestions and factors that influence silver workers to work after retirement. It also included the employers who recruit retired silver workers for jobs/work [...].
3.1 Pilot Study:
The present pilot study was undertaken with objective of identifying the silver workers working after retirement and their reasons for working after retirement. The reason for conducting the pilot study was to study the feasibility of conducting a study on working silver workers.
The sample comprised of 30 silver workers (58 years of age and above) residing in Vadodara city. Purposive sampling method was used to select the sample. The questionnaire was constructed to collect the data from the silver workers to find out their reasons and problems, factors that influence them to work after retirement. Their work satisfaction, suggestions of working after retirement.
3.1.1 FINDINGS OF THE PILOT STUDY:
The information was collected in terms of educational qualification, gender, and age, family income, type of job, reasons for working after retirement, problems and benefits of working after retirement, expected maximum age of silver workers to work after retirement.

• Major findings of the pilot study revealed that high majority of silver workers were male and only 2 percent were female .Regarding the level of education, silver workers with graduation degree were 52 percent whereas 44 percent had masters degree, technicians or similar and those with graduation were 4 percent.
• Further the findings of the study revealed that 64 percent silver workers were in 60-65 years old age group, 32 percent were in 66-70 years old group and 71 -75 years old group were 4 percent.
• Majority of the silver workers (60%) lived with their families whereas 35 percent were living with their spouses and 5 percent lived alone.
• Majority (70%) of silver workers reported that they were working part time, and 30 percent were working full time.
• Majority (65%) of silver workers were self employed. While 25 percent of them reported that they were working in private sector, businesses and 10 percent in other organizations.
• High majority (80%) of the silver workers had monthly family income between Rs.20,000 to Rs.50,000 whereas 20 percent had between Rs.50,000 and 70,000 per annum.
• To the question of what were the reasons of your working after retirement" majority (60%) of the silver workers reported that for staying active and engaged after retirement, whereas 30 percent revealed that they had not earned enough money during their earlier life, and now had to earn to pay their life expenses. Very few (10%) of them declared that their pensions was their income which was no