Applied Scanning Probe Methods IV

The Nobel Prize of 1986 on Sc- ningTunnelingMicroscopysignaled a new era in imaging. The sc- ning probes emerged as a new - strument for imaging with a p- cision suf?cient to delineate single atoms. At ?rstthere were two the ScanningTunnelingMicroscope,or STM,andtheAtomicForceMic- scope, or AFM. The STM relies on electrons tunneling between tip and sample whereas the AFM depends on the force acting on the tip when itwasplacednearthesample.These were quickly followed by the M- netic Force Microscope, MFM, and the Electrostatic Force Microscope, EFM.TheMFMwillimageasinglemagneticbitwithfeaturesassmallas10nm. WiththeEFMonecanmonitorthechargeofasingleelectron.Prof.PaulHansma atSantaBarbaraopenedthedoorevenwiderwhenhewasabletoimagebiological objects in aqueous environments. At this point the sluice gates were opened and amultitudeofdifferentinstrumentsappeared. There are signi?cant differences between the Scanning Probe Microscopes or SPM, and others such as the Scanning Electron Microscope or SEM. The probe microscopes do not require preparation of the sample and they operate in ambient atmosphere, whereas, the SEM must operate in a vacuum environment and the sample must be cross-sectioned to expose the proper surface. However, the SEM canrecord3Dimage andmovies, featuresthatarenotavailable withthescanning probes. TheNearFieldOpticalMicroscopeorNSOMisalsomemberofthisfamily.At thistimetheinstrumentsuffersfromtwolimitations;1)mostoftheopticalenergy is lost as it traverses the cut-off region of the tapered ?ber and 2) the resolution is insuf?cient for many purposes. We are con?dent that NSOM s with a reasonable opticalthroughputandaresolutionof10nmwillsoonappear.TheSNOMwillthen enterthemainstreamofscanningprobes. VI Foreword In the Harmonic Force Microscope or HFM, the cantilever is driven at the resonantfrequencywiththeamplitudeadjustedsothatthetipimpactsthesampleon each cycle. Theforcesbetween tipandsample generate multiple harmonics inthe motionofthecantilever.Thestrengthoftheseharmonicscanbeusedtocharacterize thephysicalpropertiesofthesurface.

First book summarizing the state of the art of this technique Real industrial applications included Includes supplementary material: sn.pub/extras

Auteur
Dr. Bharat Bhushan received an M.S. in mechanical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1971, an M.S. in mechanics and a Ph.D. in mechanical engineering from the University of Colorado at Boulder in 1973 and 1976, respectively, an MBA from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute at Troy, NY in 1980, Doctor Technicae from the University of Trondheim at Trondheim, Norway in 1990, a Doctor of Technical Sciences from the Warsaw University of Technology at Warsaw, Poland in 1996, and Doctor Honoris Causa from the Metal-Polymer Research Institute of National Academy of Sciences at Gomel, Belarus in 2000. He is a registered professional engineer (mechanical) and presently an Ohio Eminent Scholar and The Howard D. Winbigler Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate Research Faculty Advisor in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and the Director of the Nanotribology Laboratory for Information Storage & MEMS/NEMS (NLIM) at the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. He is an internationally recognized expert of tribology on the macro- to nanoscales, and is one of the most prolific authors in the field. He is considered by some a pioneer of the tribology and mechanics of magnetic storage devices and a leading researcher in the fields of nanotribology and nanomechanics using scanning probe microscopy and applications to micro/nanotechnology.

Résumé

From the reviews:

"The editors have done a good job in making the various chapters quite readable and most of the chapters are well written on a level that will be accessible to most readers. ... As is usually the case with Springer books, these volumes have been beautifully printed, illustrated, and nicely bound for long term durability." (Gary J. Long & Fernande Grandjean, Physicalia Magazine, Vol. 29 (4), 2007)

Contenu
Scanning Probe Lithography for Chemical, Biological and Engineering Applications.- Nanotribological Characterization of Human Hair and Skin Using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM).- Nanofabrication with Self-Assembled Monolayers by Scanning Probe Lithography.- Fabrication of Nanometer-Scale Structures by Local Oxidation Nanolithography.- Template Effects of Molecular Assemblies Studied by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM).- Microfabricated Cantilever Array Sensors for (Bio-)Chemical Detection.- Nano-Thermomechanics: Fundamentals and Application in Data Storage Devices.- Applications of Heated Atomic Force Microscope Cantilevers.