The Skeptical Roots of Critique

Auteur
Abraham Anderson is Professor of Philosophy at Sarah Lawrence College. He held graduate fellowships at the École normale supérieure (rue d'Ulm) and the University of Munich. He has also taught at the University of New Mexico, the Universidad Autónoma de México, St. John's College (Santa Fe) and the American University in Cairo. He is the author of The Treatise of the Three Impostors and the Problem of Enlightenment and of Kant, Hume, and the Interruption of Dogmatic Slumber.

Texte du rabat

In The Skeptical Roots of Critique, Abraham Anderson shows that Kant's Critique of Pure Reason is the heir to Hume's skepticism about metaphysics. In showing that Kant's Antinomy flows from Hume's skepticism, this work connects Kant with the skeptical tradition reaching back to the ancients. Like Hume's Enquiry and Dialogues and Rousseau's Émile, the Critique is part of the battle for Enlightenment, the struggle against the 'despotic' reign of theological dogmatism. The victory of philosophy has led us to forget there ever was such a battle; Anderson aims to bring it to life by exploring the growth of the Critique.

Résumé
"It was the objection of David Hume," Kant says, "that first interrupted my dogmatic slumber;" "it was the fourfold Antinomy," he later says, "that first woke me from dogmatic slumber." The first statement has been taken to mean that the Critique of Pure Reason is a refutation of Hume's skepticism. The Antinomy, however, like ancient skepticism, uses skeptical method to attack dogmatism. Is the Critique a refutation of skepticism or its heir? In The Skeptical Roots of Critique, Abraham Anderson shows that Kant's Critique of Pure Reason is the heir to Hume's skepticism about metaphysics. In showing that the Antinomy flows from Hume's skepticism, this work connects Kant with the skeptical tradition reaching back to the ancients. In his Enquiry, Hume hints that both Samuel Clarke's theism and the dogmatic materialism he seeks to refute are underwritten by the rationalist causal principle that nothing comes from nothing, and that the clash between the two issues in a skeptical antithetic. In his Émile, Rousseau too saw Clarke's refutation as issuing in an antithetic. These works inspired the first version of Kant's Antinomy, the Dreams of a Spirit Seer; fifteen years later, Hume's Dialogues inspired the mature Antinomy of the Critique. Like Hume's Enquiry and Dialogues and Rousseau's Émile, the Critique is part of the battle for Enlightenment, the struggle against the 'despotic' reign of theological dogmatism.