Special Problems in Chemotherapy

The International Society of Chemotherapy meets every two years to review progress in chemotherapy of infections and of malignant disease. Each meeting gets larger to encompass the extension of chemotherapy into new areas. In some instances, expansion has been rapid, for example in cephalosporins, pen icillins and combination chemotherapy of cancer - in others slow, as in the field of parasitology. New problems of resistance and untoward effects arise; reduction of host toxicity without loss of antitumour activity by new substances occupies wide attention. The improved results with cancer chemotherapy, es pecially in leukaemias, are leading to a greater prevalence of severe infection in patients so treated, pharmacokinetics of drugs in normal and diseased subjects is receiving increasing attention along with related problems of bioavailability and interactions between drugs. Meanwhile the attack on some of the major bacterial infections, such as gonorrhoea and tubercu losis, which were among the first infections to feel the impact of chemotherapy, still continue to be major world problems and are now under attack with new agents and new methods. From this wide field and the 1,000 papers read at the Congress we have produced Proceedings which reflect the variety and vigour of research in this important field of medicine. It was not possible to include all of the papers presented at the Congress but we have attempted to include most aspects of cur rent progress in chemotherapy.

Contenu
Singapore Study of Intermittent Rifampicin Plus Isoniazid for Pulmonary Tuberculosis.- Adverse Reactions to Intermittent Rifampicin.- Choice of Drugs for Short-Course Chemotherapy.- Short-Course Chemotherapy in Pulmonary Tuberculosis.- Hong Kong Study of 6- and 9-Month Regimens of Daily and Intermittent Streptomycin, Isoniazid and Pyrazinamide for Pulmonary Tuberculosis.- Structure-Activity Study on the Kasugamycin Family.- Experimental Data on the Antimycobacterial Activity of Isoprodian®.- Preliminary Experiences with Isoprodian® in the Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis.- Comparative Study of the Inactivation of Isoniazid in Africans and Europeans.- Bioavailability of Rimactazid.- Rate of Sterilization of Sputum from Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis.- Re-treatment of Chronic Pulmonary Tuberculosis with Low and High Dosage Rifampicin Regimens in the Continuation Intermittent Phase (A Controlled Comparison Study).- Incidence of Drug Resistance on the Mycobacterial Strains Isolated from Treated and Untreated Patients.- Intrauterine Administration of Streptomycin for Genital Tuberculosis.- Genetics of Low-Level Antibiotic Resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.- A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial of Minocycline in the Treatment of Non-Specific Urethritis.- Epidemiology and Etiology of Nongonococcal Urethritis in Men.- Surface Structures and Antibiotic Targets in the Gonococcus.- Evaluation of the Ames Neisseria gonorrhoeae Culture System.- Treatment of Gonorrhoeae with Gonococktail, A Single Dose of Ampicillin Plus Probenicid.- Treatment of Uncomplicated Gonorrhoeae with a Single Dose of Amoxycillin.- Tetracycline in Treatment of Mycoplasma -Induced Prostato-Urethritis.- Assessment of Mycoplasmas and Infertility and the Effect of Doxycycline.- Oral,Vaginal, and Combined Orovaginal Therapy of Mycoplasmosis Urogenitalis.- A Clinical Trial of Tinidazole in Uro-Genital Trichomoniasis.- Trichomonas Vaginitis and Its Treatment with Tinidazole.- The Problem of Trichomoniasis Vaginalis in Children.- Oral Treatment of Vaginal Trichomoniasis with Ornidazole, a Derivative of Metronidazole.- SPA-S-222, A New Oral Derivative for Short-Term Treatment of Vaginal Trichomoniasis.- Short-Term Therapy of Urogenital Trichomoniasis with a New Nitroimidazole Derivative (Ornidazole/Tiberal Roche).- Rationale for Controlling the Emergence of Drug Resistance.- Mechanism of the Inhibitory Effect of Oxacillin on the Beta-Lactamase of Bacillus cereus.- Mode of Action of Chemotherapeutic Agents Against Bacteria Growing in a Continuous Flow Culture with Special Reference to the Anti-Bacterial Effect of Cephalothin, Erythromycin, and Kanamycin.- Mode of Action of Flucytosine in Aspergillus Species.- Action of Polyene Macrolide Antibiotics on Protoplast Type L-Form of E. Coli.- Relationships between Inhibition of Nucleic Acid Synthesis and Competence in B. subtilis.- 14C-Phenyl-Alanine Incorporation in the Presence of Several Antibiotics on B. subtilis Transfection.- Irreversible Inactivation of Ribosomes by Antibiotics.- Theoretical Basis of Antibiotic Combinations.- Antibiotic Sensitivity of Haemophilus influenzae.- Drug Sensitivity Pattern of Gram-Negative Rod.- Pathogens, Isolated from Patients in Intensive Care Units and Their Surroundings with Regard to Their Antibiotic Susceptibility.- In Vitro Sensitivity of 10.610 Bacterial Strains to Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole and Other Bacterial Agents.- The Prevalence of Ampicillin, Cephalosporin and Sulphonamide Resistance Amongst Urinary Tract Pathogens.- Changes of Antimicrobial Susceptibilityof Anaerobic Bacteria from Clinical Specimen.- Bactericidal Effect of Cephalosporin Derivatives in Patient Material Containing Enterobacteriaceae Resistant to Ampicillin.- Antibacterial Activity of Rifampicin and Its Combinations Against Clinical Strains Isolated from Cases with Purulent-Inflammatory Processes.- Dynamics of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococci Under Effect of Eliminating Agents.- Tetracycline Resistance in Pneumococci and Group A Streptococci: A Survey in the United Kingdom.- Lysogeny of Streptococcus pyogenes and Transduction of Drug Resistance to Tetracycline, Chloramphenicol, and Macrolides Antibiotics with Phages Induced from Them.- Comparative Activity of Tetracycline, Minocycline, Clomocycline and Methacycline Against Group A, B, C, and G ?-Haemolytic Streptococci.- Cephalosporin-Tobramycin Activity Against Enterococci.- Gentamicin Resistant Gram-Negative-Bacilli at the Geriatric Hospital.- Topical Chemoprophylaxis in Surgery.- Topical Chemotherapy and Prophylaxis in Thermal Injury.- Antimicrobial Applications for Prophylaxis in the Newborn Hexachlorophane.- Chlorhexidine: Attempts to Detect Percutaneous Absorption in Man.- The Disinfection of the Hands Quantitative Aspects.- Topical Chemotherapy of Skin Disease.- Contamination of Antiseptics and Use of Preservatives.- Chlorhexidine in the Control of Dental Plaque.- Soframycin Treatment of the Nasal Carrier after 14 Years.- The Effect of Antimicrobial Agents on the Umbilical Cord.- Meclocycline, an Antibiotic for Topical Use.- The Effectiveness of Povidone-Iodine, Savlon and Chlorhexidine as Pre-Operative Vaginal Disinfectants.- A Controlled Trial of Povidone-Iodine in the Prevention of Post-Operative Infection in Abdominal Wounds.- Betadine.- List of Contributors.