Fortschritte der Chemie Organischer Naturstoffe / Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products / Progrès Dans la Chimie des Substances Organiques Naturelles

In agreement with SCHLENK (I78) "nucleotide" is here taken to mean a phosphoric ester of an N-glycoside of a heterocyclic base. Although they fall outside the scope of this definition, phosphorylated derivatives of riboflavin are added in recognition of their close relation to the main body of nucleotides. A complete review of even the organic chemistry of nucleotides and their derivatives would now form a substantial monograph. The smaller and less characteristic fragments of the nucleotides, namely the hetero cyclic bases, the component sugars and the derived sugar phosphates, are therefore excluded from this article. * Their chemistry is of longer standing and is covered in standard works. On the other hand knowledge of the "nucleosides", the N-glycosides of heterocyclic bases, has expanded very considerably in recent years and an account of the relevant work is therefore included. With regard to the nucleotides themselves attention is focussed on work published in the last few years leading to improved characterisation, more exact structural knowledge and increased availa biIity. Only such enzymatic experiments as bear direct1y on structural problems are discussed and therefore much fascinating work by KALCKAR, FRIEDKIN et al. and by KORN BERG has been omitted. I t would be unthinkable to present a review on nucleotides without mentioning that the foundations of the subject were laid by P. A. LEVENE. His monograph with BASS (I36) was published in 1931 and two reviews by LYTHGOE (I50, I5I) cover the intervening period until 1944.

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In agreement with SCHLENK (I78) "nucleotide" is here taken to mean a phosphoric ester of an N-glycoside of a heterocyclic base. Although they fall outside the scope of this definition, phosphorylated derivatives of riboflavin are added in recognition of their close relation to the main body of nucleotides. A complete review of even the organic chemistry of nucleotides and their derivatives would now form a substantial monograph. The smaller and less characteristic fragments of the nucleotides, namely the hetero­ cyclic bases, the component sugars and the derived sugar phosphates, are therefore excluded from this article. * Their chemistry is of longer standing and is covered in standard works. On the other hand knowledge of the "nucleosides", the N-glycosides of heterocyclic bases, has expanded very considerably in recent years and an account of the relevant work is therefore included. With regard to the nucleotides themselves attention is focussed on work published in the last few years leading to improved characterisation, more exact structural knowledge and increased availa­ biIity. Only such enzymatic experiments as bear direct1y on structural problems are discussed and therefore much fascinating work by KALCKAR, FRIEDKIN et al. and by KORN BERG has been omitted. I t would be unthinkable to present a review on nucleotides without mentioning that the foundations of the subject were laid by P. A. LEVENE. His monograph with BASS (I36) was published in 1931 and two reviews by LYTHGOE (I50, I5I) cover the intervening period until 1944.

Contenu
The Fine Structure of Cellulose.- I. Plant Cell Walls.- II. Microfibrils.- III. Conclusions.- References.- Bacterial Dextrans.- I. Introduction.- II. Historical.- III. The genus Leuconostoc.- IV. Derivatives of Dextran.- V. Structure of Dextrans.- VI. Physico-chemical Studies of Dextran.- VII. Dextran in Blood Transfusion.- VIII. Conclusion.- References.- Sugar Phosphates.- I. Preparation of Sugar Phosphates.- II. Determination of the Structure of Sugar Phosphates.- III. Hydrolysis of Phosphoric Esters.- IV. The Acid Strength of Sugar Phosphates.- V. Methods of Estimation and Identification.- VI. The Coenzymatic Action of Some Esters.- VII. Pentose Phosphates.- VIII. Hexose Phosphates.- IX. Disaccharide Phosphates.- X. Miscellaneous Phosphate Esters.- References.- The Chemistry of Nucleotides.- I. Methods.- II. Ribonucleosides.- III. Deoxyribonucleosides.- IV. Isolation and Structure of Nucleotides.- V. Synthesis of Nucleotides.- References.- Die Veilchenriechstoffe.- I. Die Jonone.- II. Die Irone.- III. Die Riechstoffe des Veilchenblätter- und Veilchenblütenöls.- IV. Geruch und Konstitution.- V. Zur Biogenese der Veilchenriechstoffe.- Neuere Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiete der Flechtenstoffe.- I. Verbindungen der Fettreihe.- II. Verbindungen der Benzolreihe.- III. Biogenese der Flechtenstoffe.- IV. Antibiotische Wirkung von Flechtenstoffen.- V. Mikrochemischer Nachweis der Flechtenstoffe.- Lupinen-Alkaloide und verwandte Verbindungen.- I. Einleitung.- II. Lupinen-Alkaloide bekannter Konstitution.- III. Lupinen-Alkaloide unbekannter Konstitution.- IV. Verwandte Alkaloide anderer Papilionaceen oder Pflanzenfamilien.- V. Versuche einer zell-möglichen Synthese der Lupinen-Alkaloide.- VI. Pharmakologie der Lupinen-Alkaloide.- Brechwurzel-Alkaloide.- I. Einleitung.- II.Zusammenhänge der einzelnen Brechwurzel-Alkaloide.- III. Emetin.- IV. Nebenalkaloide der Brechwurzel.- V. Nachweisreaktionen der Ipecacuanha-Alkaloide.- VI. Biogenetische Betrachtungen zur Konstitution des Emetins.- VII. Therapeutische Verwendung des Emetins.- VIII. Synthesen von Substanzen mit Emetin-Wirksamkeit.- X-Ray Diffraction Studies of Crystalline Amino Acids and Peptides.- I. X-Ray Analysis of Crystals in General.- II. Studies of Crystals of Amino Acids.- III. Studies of Crystals of Peptides and Some Related Compounds.- IV. Inferences Concerning Protein Structure.- References.- Some Aspects of Enzyme Chromatography.- I. General Remarks on Enzyme Chromatography.- II. Methods.- III. Chromatography as a Step in the Purification of Enzymes.- IV. The Resolution of Enzyme Mixtures by Partial Adsorption.- V. The Use of Enzymes in the Chromatographic Treatment of Other Substances.- References.- Namenverzeichnis. Index of Names. Index des Auteurs.- Sachverzeichnis. Index of Subjects. Index des Matières.