Two-Dimensional Echocardiographic Atlas

This atlas is a comprehensive compendium of congeni and two-dimensional echocardiographic examples. The tal cardiac morphology as depicted by tomographic two examples and experience span all ages and may be used dimensional echocardiography. Anatomic specimens by both pediatric and adult cardiologists. The intended cut in planes of section corresponding to the echocar emphasis is on tomographic morphology and not on diographic views help in the understanding of the echo specialty applications such as fetal, contrast, or Dop cardiographic sections. Composite photographs relate pler echocardiography. different planes of section or cardiac events. Still-frame The tomographic approach to congenital anomalies is photography cannot always adequately relate real-time the imaging modality of the 80s and is applicable to echocardiography, computerized tomography, and imaging events. However, the emphasis of this text is to demonstrate the tomographic morphology and no at magnetic resonance imaging. It is the building block tempt is made to discuss in detail functional or physio from which the expected three-dimensional imaging logic events. techniques of the 1990s will be developed. The wide spread clinical application of these imaging modalities Those performing two-dimensional echocardiography should have a working knowledge of cardiac anatomy has rekindled interest in cardiac anatomy and pathol and common congenital aberrations. This is an in-depth ogy, particularly in the evaluation of patients with con tomographic atlas not only of the common congenital genital heart disease.

Klappentext

This is the first volume in an outstanding three-volume tomographic atlas. It presents congenital cardiac defects imaged by two-dimensional echocardiographic techniques. Directed towards the novice as well as the expert in this area of specialization, the is comrehensive atlas explores the diagnosis of various types of congenital heart disease from the common to the complex, using non-invasive tomographic imaging. High quality photographic reproductions constitute a major appeal of this important work, along with anatomic tomographic correlation. Both the beginner and the experienced clinician will find this an invaluable and essential reference on the topic of congenital heart disease.

Inhalt

1. Introduction to Tomographic Anatomy.- Cardiac and Abdominal Situs and Cardiac Apex: Definitions and Ultrasonic Determinations.- Definitions.- Index of Figures.- Addendum.- Tomographic Dissection of Cardiac SpecimensPhotography of Two-Dimensional Echocardiograms Contrast EchocardiographyDoppler Echocardiography.- Orientation to Tomographic Anatomy.- Imaging Cardiovascular Anatomy: A Systematic Tomographic Echocardiographic Approach.- Beginning the Examination Step-by-Step Why Apex Down?.- Pitfalls: Two-Dimensional Echocardiographic Anatomic Correlation Variations in Standard Image OrientationPitfalls of Perceived AnatomySolution to the Pitfalls Problem.- References.- 2. Extracardiac Anatomy.- Index of Figures.- Abdomen.- Inferior Vena Cava and Tributaries.- Abdominal Aorta and Branches.- Liver and Gallbladder/Hepatic Cysts.- Spleen.- Stomach.- Kidneys.- Urinary Bladder.- Thorax.- Superior Vena Cava and Tributaries.- Thoracic Aorta.- Pulmonary Artery.- Pulmonary Veins.- Thymus Gland.- Coronary Arteries and Veins.- Pericardium.- References.- 3. Atria.- Index of Figures.- Right and Left Atria.- Venous Connections.- Atrial Appendages.- Eustachian Valve.- Atrial Septum.- Normal Anatomy.- Atrial Septal Defects M-mode EchoSecundum ASDPrimum ASD Sinus Venosus ASDCoronary Sinus ASDCommon Atrium.- Postoperative ASD.- Lesions Commonly Associated with ASD.- Atrial Septal Aneurysm.- Membranes Within the Atria Pulmonary Venous MembraneSupravalvular Mitral RingCor TriatriatumEustachian ValveCor Triatriatum Dexter.- Juxtapositioned Atrial Appendages.- References.- 4. Atrioventricular Valves.- Index of Figures.- Morphology.- AV Valve Connections.- Malalignment Connection OverrideStraddlingCriss-Cross.- Univentricular Connection Double InletSingle InletCommon Inlet.- AV Valve Lesions.- Prolapse.- Accessory Tissue.- Isolated Mitral Cleft.- Congenital Stenosis.- Atrioventricular Canal.- General Features.- Partial AV Canal.- Complete AV Canal.- Transitional AV Canal.- Ebstein's Anomaly.- Cardiac Specimens.- Spectrum.- Uhl's Anomaly.- AV Valve Support Apparatus.- Papillary Muscles.- References.- 5. Ventricles.- Index of Figures.- Ventricular Morphology.- Ventricular Relationships InvertedCriss-CrossSuperoinferiorUniventricular Heart (see Chapter 4).- Hypoplastic Ventricle.- Accessory Ventricular Chamber.- Addendum: Cardiomyopathics, Cardiac Tumors, Secondary Myocardial Diseases.- Dilated Cardiomyopathy.- Hypertrophic.- Restrictive.- Spongy Myocardium.- Cardiac Tumors of the Young.- Secondary Muscle Hypertrophy.- References.- 6. Ventricular Septum.- Index of Figures.- Anatomy of Ventricular Septum.- Ventricular Septal Defects.- Types of VSD.- Membranous VSD.- Outflow VSD.- Inflow VSD.- Muscular VSD.- Restrictive VSD.- References.- 7. Semilunar Valves/Great Arteries.- Index of Figures.- Morphology of Semilunar Valves.- Aortic Valve.- Pulmonary Valve.- Pathology.- Subvalvular Sub-Aortic StenosisSub-Pulmonary Stenosis.- Valvular Aortic StenosisPulmonary Stenosis.- Supravalvular Aortic Root/SinusesPulmonary RootSupravalvular Aortic StenosisSupravalvular Pulmonary Stenosis.- Aortopulmonary Communication Ductus ArteriosusAortopulmonary WindowAnomalous Origin of Pulmonary Artery from AortaAortopulmonary collaterals.- Aortic Tunnel.- Aortic Coarctation.- Interrupted Aortic Arch.- Great Artery Origin/Malalignment Double Outlet Right VentricleDouble Outlet Left VentricleComplete Transposition of the Great ArteriesCorrected Transposition of the Great ArteriesAortic OverrideTruncus Arteriosus.- References.- 8. Postoperative Anatomy.- Index of Figures.- Shunts.- Myectomy.- Atrial and Ventricular Septal Defect (Patch).- Repair/Palliation of Transposition Mustard/Senning ProcedureRastelli Procedure Damus-Kaye-Stansel ProcedureSwitch Operation.- Atrial Septostomy.- Banding of Pulmonary Artery.- Repair/Palliation of Single Ventricle Glenn AnastomosisSeptation of VentricleFontan Procedure.- Conduit.- Valvular Prosthesis.- Postoperative/Intraoperative Contrast Echo.- Valve Incompetence.- Postoperative Complications.- References.