Physics of Atomic Nuclei

This advanced textbook presents an extensive and diverse study of low-energy nuclear physics considering the nucleus as a quantum system of strongly interacting constituents.
The contents guide students from the basic facts and ideas to more modern topics including important developments over the last 20 years, resulting in a discussion of major modern-day nuclear models otherwise unavailable in the textbooks. The book emphasizes the common features of the nucleus and other many-body mesoscopic systems currently in the center of interest in physics. The authors have also included problem sets that can be selected by lecturers and adjusted to specific interests for more advanced students, with many chapters containing links to freely available computer codes. As a result, readers are equipped for scientific work in mesoscopic physics.

Autorentext

Vladimir Zelevinsky is professor at the Department of Physics and Astronomy and at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory at Michigan State University, USA. In the 1980s he was Head of the Theory Division at the Budker Institute and Head of Theoretical Physics at Novosibirsk University, Russia. He spent three years as visiting professor at the Niels Bohr Institute in Copenhagen, Denmark. He is the author of over 250 scientific publications, deputy editor of the EPL journal and associate editor of the journal Nuclear Physics. He is also the author of Quantum Physics, 2 Volume Set, published with Wiley VCH in 2010.

Alexander Volya is professor of Physics at the Florida State University, USA. His education includes diploma from Tallinn Tynismae Science School, Estonia; bachelor's degree from St. Petersburg State University, Russia; doctoral degree in theoretical nuclear physics from Michigan State University; and postgraduate research work at the Argonne National Laboratory. In the fall of 2003, he joined the faculty at Florida State University where he currently leads a research program in theoretical nuclear physics and mesoscopic physics. He has published over 100 publications and has been regularly teaching nuclear physics courses at Florida State University.

Inhalt
Dedication xiii

Preface xv

1 Building Blocks and Interactions 1

1.1 What Are the Nuclei Made Of? 1

1.2 Proton and Neutron 3

1.3 Strong Interactions 4

1.4 Electromagnetic Interactions and Charge Distribution 5

1.5 Magnetic Properties 10

1.6 Weak Interactions 11

1.7 Neutron Decay 13

1.8 NuclearWorld 15

References 19

2 Isospin 21

2.1 Quantum Numbers in the Two-Body Problem 21

2.2 Introducing Isospin 23

2.3 Isospin Invariance 25

2.4 SpaceSpin Symmetry and Isospin Invariance 26

2.5 Glimpse of a More General Picture 30

2.6 Relations between Cross Sections 31

2.7 Selection Rules 35

2.8 Isobaric Mass Formulae 38

References 41

3 Two-Body Dynamics and the Deuteron 43

3.1 Low-Energy Nuclear Forces 43

3.2 Example: Argonne Potential 45

3.3 Meson Exchange 48

3.4 Deuteron: Central Forces and s-Wave 51

3.5 Tensor Forces and d-Wave 55

3.6 Magnetic Dipole Moment 58

3.7 Electric Quadrupole Moment 59

References 65

4 Two-Body Scattering 67

4.1 Scattering Problem 67

4.2 Phase Shifts 69

4.3 Scattering Length 71

4.4 Sign of the Scattering Length 78

4.5 Resonance Scattering at Low Energies 80

4.6 Effective Radius 82

4.7 Scattering of Identical Particles 83

4.8 Coulomb Scattering 86

4.9 Coulomb-Nuclear Interference 87

References 89

5 Liquid Drop Model 91

5.1 Binding Energies 91

5.2 Shape Variables 95

5.3 Microscopic Variables 97

5.4 Multipole Moments 98

5.5 Kinetic Energy and Inertial Parameters 100

5.6 Shape Vibrations 102

5.7 Stability of the Charged Spherical Liquid Drop 104

References 111

6 Vibrations of a Spherical Nucleus 113

6.1 SoundWaves 113

6.2 Isovector Modes 117

6.3 Giant Resonance and Linear Response 119

6.4 Classification of Normal Modes 121

6.5 Quantization of Nuclear VibrationalModes 125

6.6 Multiphonon Excitations 128

6.7 Angular Momentum Classification 132

References 134

7 Fermi Gas Model 135

7.1 Mean Field and Quasiparticles 135

7.2 Perfect Fermi Gas 137

7.3 Ground State 138

7.4 Correlation Between Particles 142

7.5 Asymmetric Systems and Chemical Equilibrium 143

7.6 Pressure and Speed of Sound 146

7.7 Gravitational Equilibrium 148

7.8 Nuclear Matter Equation of State 150

References 151

8 Spherical Mean Field 153

8.1 Introduction 153

8.2 Magic Numbers 153

8.3 Separation Energy 155

8.4 Periodicity of Nuclear Spectra 156

8.5 Harmonic Oscillator Potential 157

8.6 Orbital Momentum Representation 160

8.7 SquareWell Potential 162

8.8 SpinOrbit Coupling 163

8.9 Realistic Level Scheme 165

8.10 Semiclassical Origins of Shell Structure 166

References 168

9 Independent Particle Shell Model 169

9.1 Shell Model Configurations 169

9.2 ParticleHole Symmetry 171

9.3 MagneticMoment 172

9.4 Quadrupole Moment 174

9.5 Recoil Corrections 177

9.6 Introduction to Group Theory of Multiparticle Configurations 178

References 183

10 Light Nuclei 185

10.1 A ShortWalk along the Beginning of the Nuclear Chart 185

10.2 Halo in Quantum Systems 190

10.3 Nuclear Halos 192

10.4 One-Body Halo 193

10.5 Two-Body Halos 195

10.6 Efimov States 199 <p&g...