Urban Pollution

Multidisciplinary treatment of the urgent issues surrounding urban pollution worldwide

Written by some of the top experts on the subject in the world, this book presents the diverse, complex and current themes of the urban pollution debate across the built environment, urban development and management continuum. It uniquely combines the science of urban pollution with associated policy that seeks to control it, and includes a comprehensive collection of international case studies showing the status of the problem worldwide.

Urban Pollution: Science and Management is a multifaceted collection of chapters that address the contemporary concomitant issues of increasing urban living and associated issues with contamination by offering solutions specifically for the built environment. It covers: the impacts of urban pollution; historical urban pollution; evolution of air quality policy and management in urban areas; ground gases in urban environments; bioaccessibility of trace elements in urban environments; urban wastewater collection, treatment, and disposal; living green roofs; light pollution; river ecology; greywater recycling and reuse; containment of pollution from urban waste disposal sites; bioremediation in urban pollution mitigation; air quality monitoring; urban pollution in China and India; urban planning in sub-Saharan Africa and more.

• Deals with both the science and the relevant policy and management issues

• Examines the main sources of urban pollution

• Covers both first-world and developing world urban pollution issues

• Integrates the latest scientific research with practical case studies

• Deals with both legacy and emerging pollutants and their effects

The integration of physical and environmental sciences, combined with social, economic and political sciences and the use of case studies makes Urban Pollution: Science and Management an incredibly useful resource for policy experts, scientists, engineers and those interested in the subject.

Autorentext

SUSANNE M. CHARLESWORTH is a Professor of Urban Physical Geography in the Centre for Agroecology, Water and Resilience at Coventry University, United Kingdom. COLIN A. BOOTH is Associate Head of Research and Scholarship for the School of Architecture and the Built Environment at the University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom.

Klappentext
A MULTIDISCIPLINARY TREATMENT OF THE URGENT ISSUES SURROUNDING URBAN POLLUTION WORLDWIDE Written by some of the top experts on the subject in the world, this book presents the diverse, complex and current themes of the urban pollution debate across the built environment, urban development and management continuum. It uniquely combines the science of urban pollution with associated policy that seeks to control it, and includes a comprehensive collection of international case studies showing the status of the problem worldwide. Urban Pollution: Science and Management is a multifaceted collection of chapters that address the contemporary concomitant issues of increasing urban living and associated issues with contamination by offering solutions specifically for the built environment. It covers: the impacts of urban pollution; historical urban pollution; evolution of air quality policy and management in urban areas; ground gases in urban environments; bioaccessibility of trace elements in urban environments; urban wastewater collection, treatment, and disposal; living green roofs; light pollution; river ecology; greywater recycling and reuse; containment of pollution from urban waste disposal sites; bioremediation in urban pollution mitigation; air quality monitoring; urban pollution in China and India; urban planning in subSaharan Africa and more.

• Deals with both the science and the relevant policy and management issues
• Examines the main sources of urban pollution
• Covers both first-world and developing world urban pollution issues
• Integrates the latest scientific research with practical case studies
• Deals with both legacy and emerging pollutants and their effects The integration of physical and environmental sciences, combined with social, economic and political sciences and the use of case studies makes Urban Pollution: Science and Management an incredibly useful resource for policy experts, scientists, engineers and those interested in the subject.

Inhalt
List of Contributors xvii

**1 Insights and Issues into the Impacts of Urban Pollution 1
**Colin A. Booth and Susanne M. Charlesworth

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Examples of Urban Pollution 2

1.3 Structure of This Book 4

1.4 Conclusions 5

References 5

**2 Historical Urban Pollution 7
**Ann Power and Annie Worsley

2.1 Introduction 7

2.2 Historical Pollution Monitoring using Environmental Archives 8

2.3 Ancient Air Pollution 8

2.4 Industrial Revolution 10

2.5 TwentiethCentury Urban Pollution 13

2.6 Industrial Emissions 16

2.7 Transport 18

2.8 Conclusions 20

References 20

**3 Evolution of Air Quality Policy and Management in Urban Areas 29
**Enda Hayes

3.1 Introduction 29

3.2 Sources of Urban Air Pollution 29

3.3 Health Implications of Urban Air Pollution 30

3.4 Historical Context of Air Quality Policy and Management 30

3.5 Future Urban Challenges 34

3.6 Conclusions 36

References 36

**4 UK and EU Water Policy as an Instrument of Urban Pollution 39
**AnneMarie McLaughlin, Susanne M. Charlesworth, and Stephen J. Coupe

Acronyms used in This Chapter 39

4.1 Introduction 39

4.2 Determining Water Quality 40

4.3 UK Water Policy 41

4.4 Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) 46

4.5 European Policy 49

4.6 The Future 51

4.7 Conclusions 53

References 54

**5 Soil Quality and Policy 57
**J. Webb, Jose L. Rubio, and Michael A. Fullen

5.1 Introduction 57

5.2 Soil Pollutants and Their Sources 57

5.3 Consequences of Urban Soil Pollution 58

5.4 Soils Legislation 61

5.5 Conclusions 65

References 66

**6 Ground Gases in Urban Environments Sources and Solutions 69
**Andrew B. Shuttleworth

6.1 Introduction 69

6.2 The Biochemistry of Ground Gas Production 71

6.3 Ground Gas Monitoring and Risk Assessment 73

6.5 Other Approaches 76

6.6 Passive Barriers and Subfloor Ventilation 77

6.7 Practical Examples of Gas Protection Details 79

6.8 Pathway Interception Systems for Receptor Protection and Control of Historic Sources 82

6.9 Examples of Other Techniques and Solutions: Biodegradation of Gaseous Pollutants 86

6.10 Conclusion 87

References 87

**7 Insights and Issues of Trace Elements Found in Street and Road Dusts 91
**Susanne M. Charlesworth, Eduardo De Miguel, Almudena Ordóñez, and Colin A. Booth

7.1 Introduction 91

7.2 Sources of Street and Road Dusts 92

7.3 House Dust 98

7.4 Urban Soil 99

7.5 Urban Geochemical Cycles 99

7.6 Conclusions 100

References 101

**8 Bioaccessibility of Trace Elements in Urban Environments 107
**Eduardo De Miguel, Almudena Ordóñez, Fernando BarrioParra, Miguel IzquierdoDíaz, Rodrigo Álvarez, Juan Mingot, and Susanne M. Charlesworth

8.1 Introduction 107

8.2 Analytical Protocols 108

8.3 Bioaccessibility and Urban Environments 109

8.4 Bioaccessibility and Human Health Risk Assessment 113

8.5 Conclusions 113

References 113

**9 The Necessity for Urban Wastewater Collection, Treatment, and Disposal 119
**Colin A. Booth, David Oloke, Andrew Gooding, and Susanne M. Charlesworth

9.1 Introduction 119

9.2 Wastewater Collection in Developed Countries 120

9.3 Wastewater Treatment and Disposal in Developed Countries 121

9.4 Sludge Treatment and Disposal in Developed Countries 124

9.5 WASH in Developing Countries 125 9.6 Conclusions 127</p...